Farsides T
School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Health Care Anal. 2000;8(2):101-21. doi: 10.1023/A:1009402628830.
Recent psychological research concerning determinants of and barriers to organ donation is reviewed with the intention of ascertaining acceptable and potentially effective ways of improving organ retrieval. On the basis of this review, five recommendations are made. (1) Individuals' donation wishes, where explicit, should be decisive. (2) Next of kin should witness donor decisions. (3) Mandated choice should replace voluntary 'opting-in'. (4) Initial donation choices should be repeatedly re-evaluated. (5) Those involved in organ procurement should distance themselves from model of bodies as machines or gardens and embrace models where bodies are viewed as sacred extensions of self. In combination, these recommendations are argued to be preferable in several ways to opt-out/presumed consent procurement options.
本文回顾了近期关于器官捐赠的决定因素和障碍的心理学研究，旨在确定可接受的、可能有效的改善器官获取的方法。基于此综述，提出了五项建议。（1）个人明确的捐赠意愿应具有决定性作用。（2）近亲应见证捐赠者的决定。（3）强制选择应取代自愿“选择加入”。（4）应反复重新评估最初的捐赠选择。（5）参与器官获取的人员应摒弃将身体视为机器或花园的模式，接受将身体视为自我神圣延伸的模式。综合来看，这些建议在几个方面比退出/推定同意获取方案更可取。
