Sarles J C, Midejean A, Devaux M A
Am J Gastroenterol. 1975 Mar;63(3):221-31.
Electromyographic activity of the sphincter of Oddi was recorded by means of bipolar suction electrodes applied to the rabbit, in which the sphincter of Oddi is easily identifiable and independent of the duodenal musculature. Seventy animals were investigated (20 in vitro and 50 in vivo). The bile duct was catheterized so that the pressure could be recorded. The sphincteric traces show basal activity consisting of bursts of 1-8 spike potentials which recur every 3-5 seconds on average and are accompanied by a transient rise in biliary pressure. The patterns are different from those recorded for the duodenum, the activity of which does not affect biliary pressure. On the basis of these findings, it can be asserted that the sphincter of Oddi plays a part in biliary flow apart from any duodenal muscular action. This method has made it possible to study the behavior of the sphincter of Oddi under the influence of certain physical agents or drugs. Within certain limits, the frequency and amplitude of the spike potentials increase with temperature and the rise in biliary perfusion pressure. Acetylcholine, prostigmin and morphine hydrochloride increase the frequency and amplitude of the spike potentials and shorten the resting intervals. Inhaled amyl nitrite and intravenous hexamethonium reduce electrical activity. The depressant effect of atropine is much less marked in the rabbit. Intravenous administration of alcohol results in a substantial increase in the electrical activity of the sphincter and in biliary pressure. This effect is reduced by vagotomy and suppressed by hexamethonium.
通过将双极吸引电极应用于兔子来记录奥迪括约肌的肌电活动，在兔子体内，奥迪括约肌易于识别且独立于十二指肠肌肉组织。对70只动物进行了研究（20只在体外，50只在体内）。将胆管插管以便记录压力。括约肌的记录显示出基础活动，由1 - 8个尖峰电位的爆发组成，平均每3 - 5秒重复一次，并伴有胆管压力的短暂升高。这些模式与十二指肠记录的模式不同，十二指肠的活动不会影响胆管压力。基于这些发现，可以断言奥迪括约肌在胆汁流动中发挥作用，与任何十二指肠肌肉活动无关。这种方法使得研究奥迪括约肌在某些物理因素或药物影响下的行为成为可能。在一定限度内，尖峰电位的频率和幅度随温度和胆管灌注压力的升高而增加。乙酰胆碱、新斯的明和盐酸吗啡会增加尖峰电位的频率和幅度，并缩短静息间隔。吸入亚硝酸异戊酯和静脉注射六甲铵会降低电活动。阿托品在兔子中的抑制作用不太明显。静脉注射酒精会导致括约肌的电活动和胆管压力大幅增加。迷走神经切断术可减轻这种作用，六甲铵可抑制这种作用。
