Aranda A, Sánchez-Vázquez F J, Zamora S, Madrid J A
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain.
J Physiol Biochem. 2000 Sep;56(3):155-66. doi: 10.1007/BF03179782.
In this paper, we show the results from four different experiments in which sea bass, maintained under laboratory conditions, could choose between two or three different diets through self-feeders, which gradually increased the complexity and potential range of selection, to design their own diet in accordance with their requirements. At first, sea bass were allowed to select between two complete diets differing in the proportion of protein (52-58%): this showed their capacity to distinguish between two diets made of the same ingredients. Next, two incomplete diets, containing a fixed amount of protein (56%) and lacking either fat or carbohydrate, were made available. Three mixed diets made up of pairs of macronutrients (protein-carbohydrate, protein-fat or fat-carbohydrate) were tested in the next experiment and, finally, three diets containing only one macronutrient (protein fat or carbohydrate) were made available to fish. Taking into account selection made by the fish in the first three experiments, in which macronutrient selection was statistically different, protein was the main macronutrient chosen by fish (278.15 kJ/kgBW/day, on average), followed by fat and carbohydrate (162.85 and 64.56 kJ/kgBW/day, respectively). In conclusion, the results reveal the ability of sea bass to select an appropriate diet from experimental diets containing two or three macronutrients and suggest that the proposed methodology is a powerful tool for studying the differing nutritional needs of different species of fish.
在本文中，我们展示了四项不同实验的结果。在实验中，处于实验室条件下的海鲈能够通过自动喂食器在两种或三种不同的饮食之间进行选择，自动喂食器逐渐增加了选择的复杂性和潜在范围，使海鲈能够根据自身需求设计自己的饮食。起初，让海鲈在两种蛋白质比例不同（52 - 58%）的完整饮食之间进行选择：这显示了它们区分由相同成分制成的两种饮食的能力。接下来，提供了两种不完整的饮食，它们含有固定量的蛋白质（56%），但分别缺少脂肪或碳水化合物。在下一个实验中测试了由成对的宏量营养素（蛋白质 - 碳水化合物、蛋白质 - 脂肪或脂肪 - 碳水化合物）组成的三种混合饮食，最后，向鱼类提供了三种仅含一种宏量营养素（蛋白质、脂肪或碳水化合物）的饮食。考虑到在前三个实验中鱼类的选择，其中宏量营养素的选择在统计学上存在差异，蛋白质是鱼类选择的主要宏量营养素（平均每天278.15千焦/千克体重），其次是脂肪和碳水化合物（分别为162.85和64.56千焦/千克体重）。总之，结果揭示了海鲈从含有两种或三种宏量营养素的实验饮食中选择合适饮食的能力，并表明所提出的方法是研究不同鱼类不同营养需求的有力工具。
