Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Dec 15;12:798903. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798903. eCollection 2021.
Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing production efficiency in a fish farming firm. The physiological mechanism regulating food intake lies between an intricate connection linking central and peripheral signals that are unified in the hypothalamus consequently responding to the release of appetite-regulating genes that eventually induce or hinder appetite, such as apelin; a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor, such as feed regulation. Extrinsic factors have a great influence on food intake and feeding behavior in fish. Under these factors, feeding in fish is decontrolled and the appetite indicators in the brain do not function appropriately thus, in controlling conditions which result in the fluctuations in the expression of these appetite-relating genes, which in turn decrease food consumption. Here, we examine the research advancements in fish feeding behavior regarding dietary selection and preference and identify some key external influences on feed intake and feeding behavior. Also, we present summaries of the results of research findings on apelin as an appetite-regulating hormone in fish. We also identified gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fully ascertain the functional importance of apelin in fish.
饲料是鱼类最重要的外部信号之一，刺激其摄食行为和生长。饲料的摄入量是决定效率和成本的主要因素，最大限度地提高鱼类养殖企业的生产效率。调节摄食的生理机制位于中央和外周信号之间的复杂连接之间，这些信号在下丘脑统一，从而响应食欲调节基因的释放，最终诱导或抑制食欲，如阿片肽；阿片肽是一种最近发现的由多种组织产生的肽，通过其受体介导多种生理作用，如饲料调节。外在因素对鱼类的摄食和摄食行为有很大的影响。在这些因素下，鱼类的摄食失去控制，大脑中的食欲指标不能正常发挥作用，因此，在控制条件下，这些与食欲相关的基因表达发生波动，从而导致食物摄入减少。在这里，我们研究了鱼类摄食行为在饮食选择和偏好方面的研究进展，并确定了一些对饲料摄入和摄食行为有重要影响的外部因素。此外，我们还总结了鱼类中作为食欲调节激素的阿片肽的研究结果。我们还确定了知识空白和未来研究方向，以充分确定阿片肽在鱼类中的功能重要性。
