Tsang T S, Oh J K, Seward J B, Tajik A J
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Herz. 2000 Dec;25(8):734-40. doi: 10.1007/pl00001991.
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition. Accurate diagnosis and prompt intervention are necessary to prevent adverse outcomes. Clinical features of tamponade such as pulsus paradoxus, tachycardia, elevated jugular venous pressure, and hypotension are important clues to the diagnosis, but are non-specific. Echocardiography allows rapid confirmation of the presence or absence of an effusion, and enables assessment of its hemodynamic impact. Decisions regarding treatment must take into account the clinical presentation and echocardiographic findings. Echocardiographically-guided pericardiocentesis with catheter drainage is the primary treatment strategy of choice for most large or hemodynamically significant effusions. In contemporary clinical practice, echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis of tamponade and is essential for directing treatment.
心脏压塞是一种危及生命的病症。准确诊断并及时干预对于预防不良后果至关重要。心脏压塞的临床特征，如奇脉、心动过速、颈静脉压升高和低血压，是诊断的重要线索，但缺乏特异性。超声心动图可快速确定是否存在心包积液，并能评估其血流动力学影响。治疗决策必须考虑临床表现和超声心动图检查结果。对于大多数大量或具有血流动力学意义的积液，超声心动图引导下的心包穿刺置管引流是首选的主要治疗策略。在当代临床实践中，超声心动图是诊断心脏压塞的金标准，也是指导治疗的关键。
