Ellis J A, Haines D M, West K H, Burr J H, Dayton A, Townsend H G, Kanara E W, Konoby C, Crichlow A, Martin K, Headrick G
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Feb 1;218(3):367-75. doi: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.367.
To determine comparative efficacy of vaccines administered IM and intranasally, used alone or sequentially, to protect puppies from infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and determine whether systemic or mucosal antibody response correlated with protection.
Randomized controlled trial.
50 specific-pathogen-free Beagle puppies.
In 2 replicates of 25 dogs each, 14-week-old puppies that were vaccinated against canine distemper virus and parvovirus were vaccinated against B bronchiseptica via intranasal, IM, intranasal-IM, or IM-intranasal administration or were unvaccinated controls. Puppies were challenge exposed via aerosol administration of B bronchiseptica 2 weeks after final vaccination. Clinical variables and systemic and mucosal antibody responses were monitored for 10 days after challenge exposure. Puppies in replicate 1 were necropsied for histologic and immunohistochemical studies.
Control puppies that were seronegative before challenge exposure developed paroxysmal coughing, signs of depression, anorexia, and fever. Vaccinated puppies (either vaccine) that were seronegative before challenge exposure had fewer clinical signs. Puppies that received both vaccines had the least severe clinical signs and fewest lesions in the respiratory tract. Vaccinated dogs had significantly higher concentrations of B bronchiseptica-reactive antibodies in serum saliva before and after challenge. Antibody concentrations were negatively correlated with bacterial growth in nasal cavity and pharyngeal samples after challenge exposure.
Parenterally and intranasally administered vaccines containing B bronchiseptica may provide substantial protection from clinical signs of respiratory tract disease associated with infection by this bacterium. Administration of both types of vaccines in sequence afforded the greatest degree of protection against disease.
确定肌内注射（IM）和鼻内接种的疫苗单独使用或先后使用时，保护幼犬免受支气管败血波氏杆菌感染的相对疗效，并确定全身或黏膜抗体反应是否与保护作用相关。
随机对照试验。
50只无特定病原体的比格幼犬。
在每组25只犬的2个重复组中，对已接种犬瘟热病毒和细小病毒疫苗的14周龄幼犬，通过鼻内、肌内、鼻内-肌内或肌内-鼻内接种途径接种支气管败血波氏杆菌疫苗，或设未接种疫苗的对照组。在最后一次接种后2周，通过气溶胶接种支气管败血波氏杆菌对幼犬进行攻毒暴露。攻毒暴露后10天监测临床变量以及全身和黏膜抗体反应。对重复组1中的幼犬进行尸检，进行组织学和免疫组织化学研究。
攻毒暴露前血清学阴性的对照幼犬出现阵发性咳嗽、抑郁、厌食和发热症状。攻毒暴露前血清学阴性的接种疫苗幼犬（任何一种疫苗）临床症状较少。接受两种疫苗接种的幼犬临床症状最轻，呼吸道病变最少。接种疫苗的犬在攻毒前后血清和唾液中支气管败血波氏杆菌反应性抗体浓度显著更高。抗体浓度与攻毒暴露后鼻腔和咽部样本中的细菌生长呈负相关。
含支气管败血波氏杆菌的肌内注射和鼻内接种疫苗可对该细菌感染所致呼吸道疾病的临床症状提供实质性保护。先后接种两种疫苗可提供最大程度的疾病防护。
