Dao T T, LeResche L
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1G6.
J Orofac Pain. 2000 Summer;14(3):169-84; discussion 184-95.
A review of the literature on gender and clinical pain reveals a disproportionate representation of women receiving treatment for many pain conditions and suggests that women report more severe pain, more frequent pain, and pain of longer duration than do men. Gender differences in pain perception have also been extensively studied in the laboratory, and ratings of experimentally induced pain also show some sex disparity, with females generally reporting lower pain thresholds and tolerance than males. However, there is little consensus on whether these apparent differences reflect the way men and women respond to pain, differing social rules for the expression of pain, or biologic differences in the way noxious stimuli are processed. In this paper, our working hypothesis is that the higher prevalence of chronic orofacial pain in women is a result of sex differences in generic pain mechanisms and of as-yet unidentified factors unique to the craniofacial system. We will review the evidence concerning gender differences in the prevalence of pain conditions, with a focus on orofacial pain conditions. Evidence and hypotheses concerning biologic and psychosocial factors that could influence prevalence rates will also be discussed.
一项关于性别与临床疼痛的文献综述显示，在许多疼痛病症的治疗中，接受治疗的女性比例过高，这表明女性报告的疼痛比男性更严重、更频繁，且持续时间更长。疼痛感知方面的性别差异也在实验室中得到了广泛研究，实验诱导疼痛的评级也显示出一些性别差异，女性通常比男性报告更低的疼痛阈值和耐受性。然而，对于这些明显的差异是反映了男性和女性对疼痛的反应方式、疼痛表达的不同社会规则，还是有害刺激处理方式的生物学差异，几乎没有达成共识。在本文中，我们的工作假设是，女性慢性口面部疼痛的较高患病率是一般疼痛机制中的性别差异以及颅面系统特有的尚未确定的因素所致。我们将综述有关疼痛病症患病率性别差异的证据，重点关注口面部疼痛病症。还将讨论有关可能影响患病率的生物学和心理社会因素的证据及假设。
