Pontón J, Rüchel R, Clemons K V, Coleman D C, Grillot R, Guarro J, Aldebert D, Ambroise-Thomas P, Cano J, Carrillo-Muñoz A J, Gené J, Pinel C, Stevens D A, Sullivan D J
Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain.
Med Mycol. 2000;38 Suppl 1:225-36. doi: 10.1080/mmy.38.s1.225.236.
The ever increasing numbers of immunosuppressed individuals has led to a significant increase in the incidence of opportunistic infections, particularly those caused by fungi. The epidemiology of infections caused by the common fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus has been well documented. However, in addition to these, a number of species which have previously been unrecognized (e.g., C. dubliniensis) or have previously been assumed to be non-pathogenic (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scedosporium spp. and Fusarium spp.) have emerged as agents of human disease. Since these species have only been identified recently as human pathogens, their role in disease is poorly understood. In most cases, identification of these species is problematic and therefore their epidemiology has yet to be elucidated adequately. In addition, several of these species fail to respond to conventional antifungal therapies. In this article, we describe the emergence of two separate yeast species (C. dubliniensis and S. cerevisiae) and two separate groups of moulds (Scedosporium prolificans and Fusarium spp.), as human pathogens. It is apparent from what we already know, that much work has yet to be performed before we have a clear understanding of how these species cause disease and most importantly how they can be controlled.
免疫功能低下人群数量的不断增加，导致机会性感染的发病率显著上升，尤其是由真菌引起的感染。白色念珠菌、新型隐球菌和烟曲霉等常见真菌病原体所致感染的流行病学已有充分记载。然而，除此之外，一些以前未被认识的菌种（如都柏林念珠菌）或以前被认为无致病性的菌种（如酿酒酵母、多育赛多孢菌和镰刀菌属）已成为人类疾病的病原体。由于这些菌种直到最近才被确认为人类病原体，它们在疾病中的作用尚不清楚。在大多数情况下，这些菌种的鉴定存在问题，因此它们的流行病学尚未得到充分阐明。此外，其中一些菌种对传统抗真菌疗法无反应。在本文中，我们描述了两种不同的酵母菌种（都柏林念珠菌和酿酒酵母）以及两组不同的霉菌（多育赛多孢菌和镰刀菌属）作为人类病原体的出现。从我们目前所了解的情况来看，显然在我们清楚了解这些菌种如何引起疾病以及最重要的是如何控制它们之前，还有很多工作要做。
