Cowling E J, Steele J R
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001 Jan;83(1):35-41. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200101000-00005.
A high prevalence of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is associated with activities that incorporate both abrupt deceleration and catching a ball. In the present study, we examined whether the upper-limb motion involved in catching a ball affected the synchrony of the lower-limb muscles during tasks known to stress the anterior cruciate ligament-namely, abrupt decelerative landings.
Seven male and eleven female subjects decelerated abruptly to land in single-limb stance after catching a chest-height pass and after no catching. Ground-reaction force and electromyographic data for six lower-limb muscles were sampled while the subjects' landing technique was filmed. The joint-reaction forces and the sagittal planar net moments for the knee then were calculated to derive the tibiofemoral shear forces. The muscle onsets and peak muscle activities were temporally analyzed with respect to the time of initial foot-ground contact, the peak resultant ground-reaction force, and the peak tibiofemoral shear force.
When catching a pass, the subjects demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) earlier rectus femoris onset relative to the timing of the initial foot-ground contact and of the peak tibiofemoral shear force, and they showed delayed biceps femoris onset relative to the timing of the peak tibiofemoral shear force compared with the findings in the trials without catching.
We concluded that catching a ball during an abrupt landing could increase the potential for an anterior cruciate ligament injury by limiting the time available for the hamstring muscles to generate posterior tibial-drawer force before the onset of the quadriceps-induced anterior tibial translation.
The integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament during landing relies on the proper coordination of the lower-limb muscles, particularly the quadriceps and the hamstrings. The present study demonstrated that motion of the upper-limbs may interfere with recruitment of these muscles, thereby predisposing the anterior cruciate ligament to injury.
前交叉韧带断裂的高发生率与包含突然减速和接球动作的活动有关。在本研究中，我们探讨了接球时涉及的上肢动作是否会在已知会给前交叉韧带造成压力的任务（即突然减速着陆）中影响下肢肌肉的同步性。
7名男性和11名女性受试者在接住胸部高度传球后和未接球后突然减速以单腿站立姿势着陆。在拍摄受试者着陆技术的同时，采集6块下肢肌肉的地面反作用力和肌电图数据。然后计算膝关节的关节反作用力和矢状面净力矩，以得出胫股剪切力。相对于初始足-地接触时间、最大地面反作用力峰值和最大胫股剪切力峰值，对肌肉起始时间和肌肉活动峰值进行时间分析。
接球时，与未接球试验的结果相比，受试者股直肌相对于初始足-地接触时间和最大胫股剪切力峰值的起始时间显著更早（p < 0.05），并且股二头肌相对于最大胫股剪切力峰值的起始时间延迟。
我们得出结论，在突然着陆时接球可能会增加前交叉韧带损伤的可能性，因为在股四头肌引起胫骨向前平移之前，限制了腘绳肌产生胫骨后向拉力的可用时间。
着陆时前交叉韧带的完整性依赖于下肢肌肉，特别是股四头肌和腘绳肌的适当协调。本研究表明，上肢动作可能会干扰这些肌肉的募集，从而使前交叉韧带易受损伤。
