Boden B P, Osbahr D C, Jimenez C
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, The Orthopaedic Center, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2001 Jan-Feb;29(1):100-11. doi: 10.1177/03635465010290010201.
Stress fractures can occur in almost any bone in the body, with the lower extremity weightbearing bones, especially the tibia, tarsals, and metatarsals, being affected most frequently. Although the cause of these fractures is multifactoral, repetitive physical forces without adequate rest are the primary culprits. Stress fractures may be broadly classified as low-risk or high-risk injuries. Low-risk stress fractures, the topic of this review article, can be diagnosed through a thorough history, physical examination, and radiographs. Nuclear scintigraphy is occasionally necessary for confirmation, especially for fractures of the spine and pelvis. When diagnosed early and treated with restriction of activity, low-risk stress fractures have a favorable prognosis.
应力性骨折几乎可发生于身体的任何骨骼，下肢负重骨，尤其是胫骨、跗骨和跖骨，最常受到影响。尽管这些骨折的病因是多因素的，但反复的物理力且没有足够的休息是主要原因。应力性骨折可大致分为低风险或高风险损伤。低风险应力性骨折是本文综述文章的主题，可通过全面的病史、体格检查和X线片进行诊断。核素骨扫描偶尔需要用于确诊，尤其是脊柱和骨盆骨折。早期诊断并通过限制活动进行治疗时，低风险应力性骨折预后良好。
