Vazquez J, Baghdoyan H A
Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Feb;280(2):R598-601. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.2.R598.
Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain supply the neocortex with ACh and play a major role in regulating behavioral arousal and cortical electroencephalographic activation. Cortical ACh release is greatest during waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and reduced during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons contributes to sleep disruption and to the cognitive deficits of many neurological disorders. ACh release within the basal forebrain previously has not been quantified during sleep. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that basal forebrain ACh release varies as a function of sleep and waking. Cats were trained to sleep in a head-stable position, and dialysis samples were collected during polygraphically defined states of waking, NREM sleep, and REM sleep. Results from 22 experiments in four animals demonstrated that means +/- SE ACh release (pmol/10 min) was greatest during REM sleep (0.77 +/- 0.07), intermediate during waking (0.58 +/- 0.03), and lowest during NREM sleep (0.34 +/- 0.01). The finding that, during REM sleep, basal forebrain ACh release is significantly elevated over waking levels suggests a differential role for basal forebrain ACh during REM sleep and waking.
基底前脑的胆碱能神经元为新皮质提供乙酰胆碱（ACh），并在调节行为觉醒和皮质脑电图激活方面发挥主要作用。皮质ACh释放量在清醒和快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间最大，而在非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠期间减少。基底前脑胆碱能神经元的丧失会导致睡眠紊乱以及许多神经疾病的认知缺陷。此前尚未对睡眠期间基底前脑内的ACh释放进行量化。本研究采用体内微透析技术来检验基底前脑ACh释放量随睡眠和清醒状态而变化的假说。训练猫以头部稳定的姿势睡眠，并在通过多导睡眠图定义的清醒、NREM睡眠和REM睡眠状态下收集透析样本。对4只动物进行的22项实验结果表明，平均±标准误的ACh释放量（pmol/10分钟）在REM睡眠期间最大（0.77±0.07），在清醒期间居中（0.58±0.03），而在NREM睡眠期间最低（0.34±0.01）。在REM睡眠期间基底前脑ACh释放量显著高于清醒水平这一发现表明，基底前脑ACh在REM睡眠和清醒期间具有不同的作用。
