模拟航天飞机撤离：两种航天飞机防护服的比较

Simulated shuttle egress: comparison of two Space Shuttle protective garments.

作者信息

Lee S M, Bishop P A, Schneider S M, Greenisen M C

机构信息

Wyle Laboratories, Life Sciences Systems and Services Division, Houston, TX, USA.

出版信息

Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Feb;72(2):110-4.

PMID:11211038

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In a previous study from our laboratory, we observed carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in the helmet of the NASA Launch and Entry Suit (LES) during a simulated emergency egress from the Space Shuttle. Of 12 subjects, 8 were unable to complete the egress simulation with a G-suit inflation pressure of 1.5 psi. The purpose of this report was to compare CO2 accumulation and egress walking time in the new Advanced Crew Escape Suit (ACES) with that in the LES.

METHODS

Four male subjects who previously were unable to complete the egress in the LES performed a simulated egress while wearing the ACES with the G-suit inflated to 1.5 psi. The egress simulation consisted of 6 min of seated rest, 2 min of standing, and 5 min of walking on a treadmill at 1.56 m x s(-1) (3.5 mph) and 0% grade. The helmet visor was closed with the subjects receiving 100% oxygen throughout the simulation. Inspired CO2 and walking time were measured.

RESULTS

The rate of CO2 accumulation was significantly less (ACES: 0.53 +/- 0.03, LES: 1.07 +/- 0.15 %CO2 x min(-1); p = 0.05) and walk time was greater in the ACES (ACES: 5.0 +/- 0.0, LES: 2.7 +/- 0.2 min; p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

Changes in the design of the ACES from the LES resulted in a decreased rate of CO2 accumulation and an improved egress walking time compared with the LES.

摘要

背景

在我们实验室之前的一项研究中，我们观察到在模拟从航天飞机紧急撤离期间，美国国家航空航天局发射与返回航天服（LES）的头盔内有二氧化碳（CO₂）积聚。在12名受试者中，8人在抗荷服充气压力为1.5 psi时无法完成撤离模拟。本报告的目的是比较新型高级乘员逃生服（ACES）与LES中的CO₂积聚情况和撤离步行时间。

方法

4名之前无法在LES中完成撤离的男性受试者，穿着ACES且抗荷服充气至1.5 psi进行模拟撤离。撤离模拟包括6分钟的坐姿休息、2分钟的站立以及5分钟在跑步机上以1.56 m·s⁻¹（3.5英里/小时）且坡度为0%的速度行走。头盔面罩关闭，在整个模拟过程中受试者吸入100%的氧气。测量呼出的CO₂和步行时间。