Marinuzzi G, Bellini V, Antimi M
Oncologia Medica Ospedale S. Eugenio, Roma, Italia.
Clin Ter. 2000 Nov-Dec;151(6):427-32.
Anaplastic carcinoma, insular carcinoma and medullary carcinoma (both familiar and sporadic forms) represent the 7-25% of all thyroid tumors. Anaplastic carcinoma is one of most aggressive human tumors and the therapeutic options proposed have failed to improve the prognosis of these patients. Insular carcinoma is a not well known thyroid neoplasia described for the first time in 1984 and showing intermediate biological behaviour between differentiated and anaplastic forms. Medullary carcinoma arises from parafollicular"C" cells of the gland and then may be considered a neuroendocrine tumor. Choice therapy is surgery, tiroxine is only substitutive, familiar screening is mandatory. Chemotherapy (dacarbazine or cisplatin and doxorubicine), radiotherapy and recently octreotide anologues, may be useful for relapsing not operable forms.
间变性癌、岛状癌和髓样癌（包括家族性和散发性形式）占所有甲状腺肿瘤的7%-25%。间变性癌是最具侵袭性的人类肿瘤之一，所提出的治疗方案未能改善这些患者的预后。岛状癌是一种鲜为人知的甲状腺肿瘤，于1984年首次被描述，其生物学行为介于分化型和间变性形式之间。髓样癌起源于甲状腺的滤泡旁 “C” 细胞，因此可被视为神经内分泌肿瘤。首选治疗方法是手术，甲状腺素仅起替代作用，家族性筛查是必需的。化疗（达卡巴嗪或顺铂及阿霉素）、放疗以及最近的奥曲肽类似物，可能对复发的不可手术形式有用。
