Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Semin Oncol. 2010 Dec;37(6):567-79. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.10.010.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy accounting for nearly 95% of endocrine cancers according to the American Cancer Society. In 2009, more than 37,000 adults are projected to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer in the United States, and more than 1,600 people will die from the disease (www.cancer.org). A disproportionate number of these deaths will be accounted for by the rarer, but more aggressive thyroid malignancies, including medullary, anaplastic, and metastatic cancers of the thyroid. For these patients, surgical management is the only potentially curative treatment option. However, a significant amount of research is being conducted on novel therapeutic agents. This article reviews the pathology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of medullary, anaplastic, and metastatic cancers of the thyroid with an examination of emerging therapies.
甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤，据美国癌症协会统计，约占所有内分泌癌症的 95%。2009 年，预计美国将有超过 37000 名成年人被诊断出患有甲状腺癌，超过 1600 人将死于该病（www.cancer.org）。这些死亡病例中，相当一部分是由更罕见但侵袭性更强的甲状腺恶性肿瘤引起的，包括甲状腺髓样癌、间变性癌和转移性癌。对于这些患者来说，手术治疗是唯一可能治愈的治疗选择。然而，目前正在对新型治疗药物进行大量研究。本文通过考察新兴疗法，对甲状腺髓样癌、间变性癌和转移性癌的病理学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断和治疗选择进行了综述。
