Aramini J, McLean M, Wilson J, Holt J, Copes R, Allen B, Sears W
Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2000 Dec 15;26(24):211-4.
The risk of microbial disease associated with drinking water is presently a priority concern among North American water jurisdictions. Numerous past outbreaks, together with recent studies suggesting that drinking water may be a substantial contributor to endemic (non-outbreak related) gastroenteritis, demonstrate the vulnerability of many North American cities to waterborne diseases and have fuelled ongoing debates in Canada and the United States concerning the need for stricter water quality guidelines, changes in watershed management policies, and the need for additional water treatment. The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) water supply system serves approximately two million consumers from a system consisting of three unfiltered surface water supplies (Figure 1). Although GVRD policies reduce the potential for fecal contamination of the source water supplies by humans and domestic animals, the GVRD watersheds support many wildlife species that can potentially shed organisms pathogenic to humans. Because GVRD's water treatment strategy relies principally on watershed protection and chlorination*, and these two strategies together do not eliminate all risk of waterborne disease transmission, it is possible that some disease-causing organisms reach the consumer.
与饮用水相关的微生物疾病风险目前是北美水管理辖区的首要关注问题。过去发生的众多疫情，以及近期的研究表明饮用水可能是地方性（与疫情无关）肠胃炎的重要成因，这表明许多北美城市易受水源性疾病影响，并引发了加拿大和美国关于更严格水质准则、流域管理政策变化以及额外水处理需求的持续辩论。大温哥华地区行政区（GVRD）供水系统为约两百万消费者提供服务，该系统由三个未经过滤的地表水供应源组成（图1）。尽管GVRD的政策降低了人类和家畜对源水供应造成粪便污染的可能性，但GVRD的流域中有许多野生动物物种，它们有可能传播对人类致病的生物体。由于GVRD的水处理策略主要依赖于流域保护和氯化处理*，而这两种策略并不能消除水源性疾病传播的所有风险，因此有可能一些致病生物体进入消费者端。
*注：chlorination常见释义为“氯化；用氯消毒” ，这里结合语境理解为“氯化处理” 。
