微生物中的抗生素耐药性。
Antibiotic resistance in microbes.
作者信息
Mazel D, Davies J
机构信息
U.P.M.T.G., Dept. des Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
出版信息
Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Nov 30;56(9-10):742-54. doi: 10.1007/s000180050021.
The treatment of infectious disease is compromised by the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microbial pathogens. A variety of biochemical processes are involved that may keep antibiotics out of the cell, alter the target of the drug, or disable the antibiotic. Studies have shown that resistance determinants arise by either of two genetic mechanisms: mutation and acquisition. Antibiotic resistance genes can be disseminated among bacterial populations by several processes, but principally by conjugation. Thus the overall problem of antibiotic resistance is one of genetic ecology and a better understanding of the contributing parameters is necessary to devise rational approaches to reduce the development and spread of antibiotic resistance and so avoid a critical situation in therapy--a return to a pre-antibiotic era.
微生物病原体对抗生素耐药菌株的出现削弱了传染病的治疗效果。涉及多种生化过程，这些过程可能使抗生素无法进入细胞、改变药物靶点或使抗生素失效。研究表明，耐药决定因素通过两种遗传机制之一产生：突变和获得。抗生素耐药基因可通过多种过程在细菌群体中传播，但主要是通过接合作用。因此，抗生素耐药性的总体问题是一个遗传生态学问题，为了设计出合理的方法来减少抗生素耐药性的产生和传播，从而避免治疗中出现危急情况——回到抗生素出现之前的时代，有必要更好地了解相关参数。
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