Battegay R, Mühlemann R, Zehnder R, Dillinger A
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1975 Feb 8;105(6):180-7.
By means of written questionnaires and (with every third or fourth subject, selected at random) standardized interviews, 4082 recruits from various regions of Switzerland were asked about their alcohol and drug consumption and smoking habits in civilian life. To estimate the consumption pattern during military training all recruits still available towards the end of military service (64.3 percent) were questioned again regarding intake of alcohol, tobacco and drugs during military service. The inquiry showed that in civilian life only 10.4 percent were alcohol abstainers, 39.8 percent were non-smokers and 77 percent had no drug experience. 8.6 percent reported a weekly alcohol consumption of more than 350 g alcohol 100 percent (an amount corresponding to 9 1 beer, 41/2 1 wine, 1 1 brandy), 17.4 percent had smoked more than 24 g tobacco per day (corresponding to more than 24 cigarettes daily), and 10.6 percent had taken drugs more than 6 times in their lives. The study was also designed to demonstrate the relations between family or socioeconomic data and intake of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. It was found that French and Italian speaking recruits indicated a higher alcohol consumption, that the lower socioeconomic class was exposed to be greater risk with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption and the separately interviewed group of pupils to the greatest risk of drug experinece. Sons of divorced or separated parents, of parents married after the subject's birth or of parents who are heavy alcohol, tobacco or medicament consumers represent a higher percentage among the highest consumption class for alcohol, tobacco and drugs than subjects who had grown up in stable families or whose parents had been non-consumers or only moderate consumers of alcohol, tobacco or drugs. Finally, a correlation was also found between use of leisure time and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. It was in the groups of recruits who spent their spare time rather passively that the highest percentage of subjects in the upper consumption classes for alcohol, tobacco and drugs was observed. During military training consumption patterns withregard to alcohol and tobacco hardly changed, and only a small number of subjects (7.7 percent of 2587) took drugs during this time.
通过书面问卷以及（对每三或四个随机挑选的受试者）标准化访谈，对来自瑞士不同地区的4082名新兵在平民生活中的酒精和药物消费及吸烟习惯进行了询问。为了估计军事训练期间的消费模式，在兵役结束时仍能联系到的所有新兵（64.3%）再次被询问了兵役期间酒精、烟草和药物的摄入情况。调查显示，在平民生活中，只有10.4%的人戒酒，39.8%的人不吸烟，77%的人没有吸毒经历。8.6%的人报告每周酒精消费量超过350克纯酒精（相当于9升啤酒、4.5升葡萄酒、1升白兰地），17.4%的人每天吸烟超过24克（相当于每天超过24支香烟），10.6%的人一生中吸毒超过6次。该研究还旨在证明家庭或社会经济数据与酒精、烟草和药物摄入之间的关系。研究发现，说法语和意大利语的新兵酒精消费量较高，社会经济地位较低的阶层在酒精和烟草消费方面面临更大风险，而单独接受访谈的学生群体吸毒风险最大。父母离异或分居、在受试者出生后结婚的父母，或父母是大量饮酒、吸烟或用药者中，在酒精、烟草和药物消费最高类别中的比例高于在稳定家庭中长大或父母不消费或仅适度消费酒精、烟草或药物的受试者。最后，在休闲时间的利用与酒精、烟草和药物消费之间也发现了相关性。在那些休闲时间较为消极度过的新兵群体中，观察到酒精、烟草和药物消费处于较高类别中的受试者比例最高。在军事训练期间，酒精和烟草的消费模式几乎没有变化，在此期间只有少数受试者（2587人中的7.7%）吸毒。
