Lejuez C W, Eifert G H, Zvolensky M J, Richards J B
Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, USA.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2000 Dec;6(4):349-58. doi: 10.1037//1076-898x.6.4.349.
Predictability of aversive events impacts the development and maintenance of anxiety, particularly panic disorder. Although animal studies typically have found a preference for signaled (predictable) over unsignaled (unpredictable) aversive events, results of research with human participants have been less clear. Using a panic-relevant paradigm, the authors examined predictability preference with humans as a function of anxiety sensitivity and gender during repeated administrations of 20% carbon-dioxide-enriched air. Participants preferred predictable administrations, with high-anxiety individuals showing greater preference than low-anxiety individuals and women showing greater preference than men. In addition to providing information to better understand human predictability preference for panic-related events, results also may aid in determining the applicability of predictability to the cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder.
厌恶事件的可预测性会影响焦虑尤其是惊恐障碍的产生和维持。虽然动物研究通常发现，与无信号（不可预测）的厌恶事件相比，动物更偏好有信号（可预测）的厌恶事件，但针对人类参与者的研究结果却不太明确。作者采用与惊恐相关的范式，在多次给予含20%二氧化碳的空气期间，将人类对可预测性的偏好作为焦虑敏感性和性别的函数进行了研究。参与者更倾向于可预测的给药方式，高焦虑个体比低焦虑个体表现出更强的偏好，女性比男性表现出更强的偏好。这些结果除了能提供信息以更好地理解人类对惊恐相关事件的可预测性偏好外，还可能有助于确定可预测性在惊恐障碍认知行为治疗中的适用性。
