Tice A D
University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2000 Dec(115):26.
On an international basis, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) varies greatly. There are cultural as well as economic issues which make it different in every country. In general, the duration of hospital stay varies with the outpatient resources available and the economic base for them. In some countries, there may not be money available for any intravenous antibiotics, even in the hospital. In addition, there are great differences in outpatient intravenous therapy, with infusion clinics proliferating in China, yet these are scarce in the UK. There is also considerable variation in the use of intramuscular compared with intravenous therapies. In Italy, intramuscular ceftriaxone is used more often than intravenous therapy. While ceftriaxone use is high in the US, its use is surpassed on a per capita basis by Italy, and it is most interesting that the rate of antimicrobial resistance is lower in Italy than in most other European countries. Whether this relates to outpatient use, parenteral use or other unknown factors is unclear. Obviously, further studies are necessary.
在国际上，门诊胃肠外抗菌治疗（OPAT）差异很大。存在文化以及经济问题，这使得每个国家的情况都有所不同。一般来说，住院时间会因可用的门诊资源及其经济基础而有所不同。在一些国家，即使在医院，也可能没有资金用于任何静脉用抗生素。此外，门诊静脉治疗也存在很大差异，输液诊所在中国不断增加，但在英国却很少见。与静脉治疗相比，肌肉注射的使用也有很大差异。在意大利，肌肉注射头孢曲松比静脉治疗更常用。虽然头孢曲松在美国的使用量很高，但人均使用量却低于意大利，而且最有意思的是，意大利的抗菌药物耐药率低于大多数其他欧洲国家。这是否与门诊使用、胃肠外使用或其他未知因素有关尚不清楚。显然，有必要进行进一步的研究。
