Diedrich F J, Highlands T M, Spahr K A, Thelen E, Smith L B
Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2001 Mar;78(3):263-90. doi: 10.1006/jecp.2000.2569.
From a dynamic systems perspective, perseverative errors in infancy arise from the interaction of the perceptual cues with the memory of previous actions. To evaluate this account, we tested 9-month-old infants in a task in which they reached for two targets. Experimenters repeatedly cued the first target, which always matched the background (A), and then cued the second target, which varied in its distinctiveness (B). We predicted that a sufficiently distinctive B target would lessen perseverative responding. Results showed that infants perseverated when reaching for two identical targets, but that they made nonperseverative responses when reaching in the presence of a highly distinctive B target. Reach direction on each trial was jointly determined by the distinctiveness of the target, the immediately preceding perceptual events, and the history of reaches in the task.
从动态系统的角度来看，婴儿期的持续性错误源于感知线索与先前动作记忆的相互作用。为了评估这一观点，我们在一项任务中测试了9个月大的婴儿，在该任务中他们伸手去够两个目标。实验者反复提示第一个目标，该目标总是与背景相匹配（A），然后提示第二个目标，其独特性有所不同（B）。我们预测，一个足够独特的B目标会减少持续性反应。结果表明，婴儿在伸手去够两个相同目标时会出现持续性反应，但当在一个高度独特的B目标出现时伸手去够时，他们会做出非持续性反应。每次试验中的伸手方向是由目标的独特性、紧接在前的感知事件以及任务中的伸手历史共同决定的。
