The role of target distinctiveness in infant perseverative reaching.

From a dynamic systems perspective, perseverative errors in infancy arise from the interaction of the perceptual cues with the memory of previous actions. To evaluate this account, we tested 9-month-old infants in a task in which they reached for two targets. Experimenters repeatedly cued the first target, which always matched the background (A), and then cued the second target, which varied in its distinctiveness (B). We predicted that a sufficiently distinctive B target would lessen perseverative responding. Results showed that infants perseverated when reaching for two identical targets, but that they made nonperseverative responses when reaching in the presence of a highly distinctive B target. Reach direction on each trial was jointly determined by the distinctiveness of the target, the immediately preceding perceptual events, and the history of reaches in the task.