Corbetta Daniela, Snapp-Childs Winona
Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA.
Infant Behav Dev. 2009 Jan;32(1):44-58. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.10.004. Epub 2008 Dec 9.
Researchers agree that infants must learn from prior sensory-motor experiences to plan, perform, and fine-tune their actions to the environment. Yet, little is known about the actual influences of these experiences on the development of infants' perception and action. This study investigated how repeated experiences of seeing, reaching for, touching, grasping, and manipulating objects of same sizes and textures contributed to the refinement of subsequent object-oriented motor responses in 6-9-month old infants. In addition, to understand whether infants relied on vision, touch, or both to tailor their motor response to objects, we analyzed the reach-to-grasp sequences. Results show that the youngest infants did not benefit from the repeated experiences. Seemingly stereotypical motor responses appeared to interfere with the process of perceptual-motor mapping. The older infants relied more effectively on prior experience, on touch initially and then vision, to match their motor responses to objects. Consistent with a dynamic systems approach, we interpret the observed developmental progression as a change in tensions between perception and action.
研究人员一致认为，婴儿必须从先前的感觉运动经验中学习，以便根据环境来计划、执行并微调自己的动作。然而，对于这些经验对婴儿感知和动作发展的实际影响，我们却知之甚少。本研究调查了反复经历观看、伸手够取、触摸、抓握以及操作大小和质地相同的物体，是如何促进6至9个月大婴儿后续面向物体的运动反应精细化的。此外，为了了解婴儿是依靠视觉、触觉还是两者兼用来调整其对物体的运动反应，我们分析了伸手抓握的动作序列。结果显示，最小的婴儿并未从反复经历中受益。看似刻板的运动反应似乎干扰了感知运动映射的过程。年龄较大的婴儿能更有效地依靠先前的经验，最初依靠触觉，然后依靠视觉，来使他们的运动反应与物体相匹配。与动态系统方法一致，我们将观察到的发展进程解释为感知与动作之间张力的变化。
