Dohrn C.S., Lichtor J.L., Finn R.S., Uitvlugt A., Coalson D.W., Rupani G., de Wit H., Zacny J.P.
Committee on Biopsychology (Department of Psychology), Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Behav Pharmacol. 1992 Feb;3(1):19-30. doi: 10.1097/00008877-199203010-00005.
The effects of nitrous oxide at subanesthetic doses (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% in oxygen) on mood and psychomotor performance were determined in a group of 12 healthy volunteers (six males and six females). A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover trial of five experimental sessions was used. Effects were measured before, during and after a 30-min inhalation period of the agent, using three subjective effects questionnaires (the Profile of Mood States, the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and the Visual Analogue Scale); and two psychomotor tests (auditory reaction time and Digit Symbol Substitution Test). In addition, an End-of-Session questionnaire, administered 60min after cessation of inhaling the agent, was used, which measured the subjects' reactions to the agent inhaled that day (i.e. peak concentration effect and concentration liking). The primary effects observed from nitrous oxide were confined to the inhalation of 20% and 40% concentrations. Subjects became more confused, sedated, high, dysphoric, and stimulated during inhalation of 40% nitrous oxide; fatigue, depression and anxiety increased after inhalation of 40% nitrous oxide had ceased. Significant or near-significant differences on several measures of subjective effects emerged between sexes. On the End-of-Session questionnaire, subjects' ratings of the peak effect of nitrous oxide were dose-related. There was individual variation in the degree to which subjects liked nitrous oxide: eight of the 12 subjects reported liking the 40% concentration, one was neutral, and three did not like it. Subjects' performance on the DSST was significantly impaired during inhalation of 40% nitrous oxide, but recovered soon after inhalation stopped. In summary, nitrous oxide had robust effects on mood, there appeared to be sex differences in the magnitude of subjective effects of nitrous oxide, and there was some variability in the extent to which subjects liked the anesthetic agent.
在一组12名健康志愿者（6名男性和6名女性）中，测定了亚麻醉剂量（氧气中分别为0%、10%、20%和40%）一氧化二氮对情绪和精神运动表现的影响。采用了一项随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、交叉试验，共进行五个实验阶段。在吸入该药物30分钟的时间段之前、期间和之后，使用三份主观效应问卷（情绪状态剖面图、成瘾研究中心量表和视觉模拟量表）以及两项精神运动测试（听觉反应时间和数字符号替换测试）来测量效应。此外，在停止吸入药物60分钟后，使用一份阶段结束问卷，该问卷测量了受试者对当天吸入药物的反应（即峰值浓度效应和对浓度的喜好程度）。从一氧化二氮中观察到的主要效应仅限于吸入20%和40%浓度时。在吸入40%一氧化二氮期间，受试者变得更加困惑、镇静、兴奋、烦躁不安和激动；在停止吸入40%一氧化二氮后，疲劳、抑郁和焦虑增加。在主观效应的几项测量指标上，性别之间出现了显著或接近显著的差异。在阶段结束问卷中，受试者对一氧化二氮峰值效应的评分与剂量相关。受试者对一氧化二氮的喜好程度存在个体差异：12名受试者中有8名报告喜欢40%的浓度，1名持中立态度，3名不喜欢。在吸入40%一氧化二氮期间，受试者在数字符号替换测试中的表现显著受损，但在停止吸入后很快恢复。总之，一氧化二氮对情绪有显著影响，一氧化二氮主观效应的程度似乎存在性别差异，并且受试者对麻醉剂的喜好程度存在一定的变异性。
