Gross N J
Department of Medicine, Stritch-Loyola School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2001 Mar;7(2):84-92. doi: 10.1097/00063198-200103000-00006.
Although airflow obstruction is the most obvious and most studied manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it should not be overlooked that COPD, particularly in its later stages, is associated with many extrapulmonary features that contribute to the morbidity, reduced quality of life, and, possibly, mortality of this disease. We review here the literature on skeletal muscle dysfunction, osteoporosis, and weight loss in COPD, with particular attention to possible approaches to their management. Patients with COPD may also have other extrapulmonary effects such as hormonal abnormalities that could probably be corrected, but less is known about them. COPD, therefore, should be regarded as a systemic disorder. Its systemic manifestations should not be overlooked in the overall care of the patient, because there are important ways in which they can be addressed.
尽管气流受限是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）最明显且研究最多的表现，但不应忽视的是，COPD，尤其是在其晚期，与许多肺外特征相关，这些特征导致了该疾病的发病率、生活质量下降以及可能的死亡率。我们在此回顾关于COPD患者骨骼肌功能障碍、骨质疏松和体重减轻的文献，特别关注其可能的管理方法。COPD患者可能还存在其他肺外效应，如激素异常，这些异常或许可以纠正，但对此了解较少。因此，COPD应被视为一种全身性疾病。在患者的整体护理中，其全身表现不应被忽视，因为有重要的方法可以应对这些表现。
