Watz H, Magnussen H
Krankenhaus Grosshansdorf, Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie und Pneumologisches Forschungsinstitut am Krankenhaus Grosshansdorf.
Internist (Berl). 2006 Sep;47(9):895-6, 898-900. doi: 10.1007/s00108-006-1675-y.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with comorbidities. Cardiovascular diseases, weight loss, loss of fat free mass combined with muscle dysfunction, osteoporosis and depression are the main comorbidities in COPD. Cardiovascular comorbidities, weight loss and loss of fat free mass are predictors of mortality of patients with COPD. Thus, the extrapulmonary manifestations are meaningful parameters of clinical assessment. Systemic inflammation is probably the key to the extrapulmonary signs of COPD.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）常伴有合并症。心血管疾病、体重减轻、去脂体重减少合并肌肉功能障碍、骨质疏松症和抑郁症是COPD的主要合并症。心血管合并症、体重减轻和去脂体重减少是COPD患者死亡率的预测因素。因此，肺外表现是临床评估的重要参数。全身炎症可能是COPD肺外体征的关键所在。
