Perrino T, González-Soldevilla A, Pantin H, Szapocznik J
Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2000 Jun;3(2):81-96. doi: 10.1023/a:1009571518900.
Recent research has highlighted the significant contribution families make in the prevention of HIV risk behaviors among adolescents. As the most proximal and fundamental social system influencing child development, families provide many of the factors that protect adolescents from engaging in sexual risk behaviors. Among these are positive family relations, effective communication about sexuality and safer sexual behaviors, enhancement and support of academic functioning, and monitoring of peer activities. HIV risk behaviors occur in a social context, and it is becoming clear that the earliest and most effective way to intervene is in the context where one initially learns about relationships and behavior--the family. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute for Mental Health have taken steps to support and emphasize research that will further elucidate our understanding of the role of families in HIV prevention. This article uses Ecodevelopmental Theory to guide and organize the findings of this promising research area. Within this context, and with special attention to the comorbidity of adolescent problem behaviors, this article reviews empirical research on the role of families in HIV prevention, discusses current intervention efforts that involve families and ecosystems, and addresses prospects and implications for future research and interventions.
近期研究凸显了家庭在预防青少年感染艾滋病毒风险行为方面所做出的重大贡献。作为影响儿童发展的最直接和最基本的社会系统，家庭提供了许多保护青少年避免从事性风险行为的因素。其中包括积极的家庭关系、关于性和更安全性行为的有效沟通、对学业功能的强化与支持，以及对同伴活动的监督。艾滋病毒风险行为发生在社会环境中，而且越来越明显的是，最早且最有效的干预方式是在一个人最初学习人际关系和行为的环境——家庭中进行。疾病控制与预防中心以及国家心理健康研究所都已采取措施，支持并强调开展相关研究，以进一步阐明我们对家庭在艾滋病毒预防中所起作用的理解。本文运用生态发展理论来指导和梳理这一前景广阔的研究领域的相关发现。在此背景下，特别关注青少年问题行为的共病情况，本文回顾了关于家庭在艾滋病毒预防中作用的实证研究，讨论了当前涉及家庭和生态系统的干预措施，并探讨了未来研究和干预的前景及意义。
