Role of temperature, chlorine, and organic matter in copper corrosion by-product release in soft water.

Soft, low alkalinity drinking waters tend to cause relatively high copper corrosion by-product release in plumbing systems. Long-term tests (6-8 months) in a synthetic, microbially stable soft tap water confirmed that lower pHs and higher temperatures increased copper release to water. Soluble copper release increased at lower temperature and lower pH. Low levels of free chlorine (0.7 mg/L) slightly increased copper release at pH 9.5, in marked contrast to the dramatic reductions in copper release that have been observed in soft waters in which Type III pitting corrosion is occurring. Gum xanthan and sodium alginate produced a microbially unstable water that reduced the pH and DO during stagnation in pipes--these indirect effects far outweighed their possible role in chelation or other modes of direct attack on copper surfaces.