Shawwa A R, Smith D W, Sego D C
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 304 Environmental Engineering Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2M8.
Water Res. 2001 Mar;35(3):745-9. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00322-5.
Delayed petroleum coke, a waste by-product from the oil sand industry, was utilized in the production of activated carbon. The activated carbon was then evaluated for color and chlorinated organics reduction from pulp mill wastewater. The activation of the petroleum coke was evaluated using a fixed bed reactor involving carbonization and activation steps at temperature of 850 degrees C and using steam as the activation medium. The activation results showed that the maximum surface area of the activated coke was achieved at an activation period of 4 h. The maximum surface area occurred at burnoff and water efficiency of 48.5 and 54.3%, respectively. Increasing the activation period to 6 h resulted in a decrease in the surface area. Methylene blue adsorption results indicated that the activation process was successful. Methylene blue adsorbed per 100 g of applied activated coke was 10 times higher than that adsorbed by raw petroleum coke. Adsorption equilibrium results of the bleached wastewater and the activated coke showed that significant color, COD, DOC and AOX removal (> 90%) was achieved when the activated coke dose exceeded 15,000 mg/L. Adsorption isotherms, in terms of COD, DOC, UV and color were developed based on the batch equilibrium data. Based on these isotherms, the amount of activated coke required to achieve certain removal of color and AOX can be predicted. The utilization of the petroleum coke for the production of activated carbon can provide an excellent disposal option for the oil sand industry at the same time would provide a cheap and valuable activated carbon.
延迟石油焦是油砂工业的一种废弃副产品，被用于生产活性炭。然后对该活性炭进行评估，以确定其对纸浆厂废水中颜色和氯化有机物的去除效果。使用固定床反应器对石油焦进行活化，该反应器涉及在850摄氏度的温度下进行碳化和活化步骤，并使用蒸汽作为活化介质。活化结果表明，在4小时的活化时间下可获得活化焦炭的最大表面积。最大表面积出现在烧失率和水效率分别为48.5%和54.3%时。将活化时间增加到6小时会导致表面积减小。亚甲基蓝吸附结果表明活化过程是成功的。每100克施用的活化焦炭吸附的亚甲基蓝比未加工的石油焦吸附的高10倍。漂白废水与活化焦炭的吸附平衡结果表明，当活化焦炭剂量超过15000毫克/升时，可实现显著的颜色、化学需氧量（COD）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）和可吸附有机卤化物（AOX）去除（>90%）。基于间歇平衡数据绘制了关于COD、DOC、紫外线和颜色的吸附等温线。基于这些等温线，可以预测实现一定程度的颜色和AOX去除所需的活化焦炭量。利用石油焦生产活性炭可为油砂工业提供一个极佳的处置选择，同时还能提供一种廉价且有价值的活性炭。
