Singhal S, Gupta P, Mathur B, Banda S, Dandia R, Gupta R
Department of Home Science (Nutrition), University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
J Assoc Physicians India. 1998 Aug;46(8):684-8.
To assess correlation of dietary atherogenic and anti-atherogenic factors with socio-economic status (SES) we performed nutritional survey among 182 (122 men, 60 women) randomly selected individuals using 24 hour diet recall and a food-frequency questionnaire. SES was assessed by educational level which strongly correlated with occupational class (r = 0.55) and income levels (r = 0.88). There was significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation (r values) of educational level with intake of calories (0.55), proteins (0.19), fat (0.45), fat derived energy (en%) (0.14), saturated fat en% (0.45), linoleic acid (0.17), vitamin A (0.14), vitamin C (0.16), vitamin E (0.44), fruits and vegetables (0.34) and fibre (0.24) and negative correlation with intake of linolenic acid (-0.35), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) en% (-0.15), polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)/saturated fat (SFA) (-0.33) and MUFA/SFA (-0.42). In persons of highest educational level (> 15 years education) vs illiterates, the daily intake of SFA (29.1 +/- 15 vs 7.8 +/- 6), SFA en% (13.2 +/- 5 vs 6.7 +/- 4), linoleic acid en% (5.4 +/- 3 vs 3.9 +/- 2) and n6/n3 (24.0 +/- 58 vs 4.5 +/- 5) was more and intake of linolenic acid en% (0.7 +/- 1 vs 1.6 +/- 1), MUFA en% (8.6 +/- 7 vs 15.6 +/- 9), PUFA/SFA (0.6 +/- 1 vs 1.0 +/- 1) and MUFA/SFA (0.7 +/- 1 vs 4.0 +/- 5) was less. Intake of antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and fruits and vegetables was significantly more in better educated.
为评估饮食中致动脉粥样硬化和抗动脉粥样硬化因素与社会经济地位（SES）之间的相关性，我们采用24小时饮食回顾法和食物频率问卷，对182名（122名男性，60名女性）随机选取的个体进行了营养调查。SES通过教育水平进行评估，教育水平与职业阶层（r = 0.55）和收入水平（r = 0.88）密切相关。教育水平与热量摄入量（0.55）、蛋白质摄入量（0.19）、脂肪摄入量（0.45）、脂肪提供的能量百分比（en%）（0.14）、饱和脂肪能量百分比（0.45）、亚油酸（0.17）、维生素A（0.14）、维生素C（0.16）、维生素E（0.44）、水果和蔬菜（0.34）以及纤维（0.24）呈显著正相关（p < 0.05，r值），与亚麻酸摄入量（-0.35）、单不饱和脂肪（MUFA）能量百分比（-0.15）、多不饱和脂肪（PUFA）/饱和脂肪（SFA）（-0.33）以及MUFA/SFA（-0.42）呈负相关。在教育水平最高（> 15年教育）的人群与文盲相比，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的每日摄入量（29.1 +/- 15对7.8 +/- 6）、SFA能量百分比（13.2 +/- 5对6.7 +/- 4）、亚油酸能量百分比（5.4 +/- 3对3.9 +/- 2）以及n6/n3（24.0 +/- 58对4.5 +/- 5）更高，而亚麻酸能量百分比（0.7 +/- 1对1.6 +/- 1）、MUFA能量百分比（8.6 +/- 7对15.6 +/- 9）、PUFA/SFA（0.6 +/- 1对1.0 +/- 1）以及MUFA/SFA（0.7 +/- 1对4.0 +/- 5）更低。受教育程度较高者抗氧化维生素A、C和E以及水果和蔬菜的摄入量显著更高。
