Onapa A W, Simonsen P E, Pedersen E M
Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, PO Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda.
Acta Trop. 2001 Feb 23;78(2):171-6. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00185-6.
Following reports of a high frequency of elephantiasis in Kwen County (Kapchorwa District) on the slopes of Mt. Elgon in Uganda, a baseline survey for lymphatic filariasis was carried out in three villages in the affected area. Individuals aged 1 year and above were examined for chronic manifestations of lymphatic filariasis, and for specific circulating filarial antigens and microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. Elephantiasis was observed in all age groups from 10 years and above. The overall prevalence was 4.5%, and the prevalence among individuals aged >/=20 years was 8.2%. Males and females were equally affected. However, there were only few cases of hydrocele (overall prevalence in males of 1.0%) and blood examinations were negative for W. bancrofti circulating antigens and microfilariae. Sampling of potential filariasis mosquito vectors revealed low densities of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus, and none of these were infected with filarial larvae. In view of the low hydrocele to elephantiasis ratio, the absence of filarial infection in humans and mosquitoes, the high altitude (1500-2200 m above sea level) and the volcanic soil type, it is concluded that elephantiasis seen in this area is not of filarial origin but most likely is due to podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis).
在乌干达埃尔贡山山坡的昆县（卡普乔瓦区）有关于象皮肿高发率的报告之后，在受影响地区的三个村庄开展了淋巴丝虫病基线调查。对1岁及以上个体进行了淋巴丝虫病慢性表现、班氏吴策线虫特异性循环丝虫抗原和微丝蚴的检查。在10岁及以上的所有年龄组中均观察到象皮肿。总体患病率为4.5%，20岁及以上个体的患病率为8.2%。男性和女性受影响程度相同。然而，仅有少数鞘膜积液病例（男性总体患病率为1.0%），血液检查班氏吴策线虫循环抗原和微丝蚴均为阴性。对潜在的丝虫病蚊媒进行采样显示冈比亚按蚊复合组和嗜人按蚊密度较低，且均未感染丝虫幼虫。鉴于鞘膜积液与象皮肿的比例较低、人和蚊子中无丝虫感染、海拔较高（海拔1500 - 2200米）以及火山土壤类型，得出结论：该地区所见的象皮肿并非丝虫源性，很可能是由于地方性非丝虫性象皮肿（即足分支菌病）。
