Eysenck M W
J Gerontol. 1975 Mar;30(2):174-80. doi: 10.1093/geronj/30.2.174.
Twenty-four subjects, 12 of whom were in the age range 18-30 years and 12 of whom were between 55-65 years, performed two semantic memory tasks. One task involved the recall of an instance from a designated category starting with a specified letter, and the second task required subjects to indicate whether a given work was or was not a member of a designated category (the recognition task). There was a differential effect of age on recall and recognition, the older subjects responding more slowly on the recognition task, but not on the recall task. The response times of the older subjects were less affected by the dominance of the to-be-retrieved information than were the younger subjects. These results suggested that subjects in the older age group may have retrieved information faster than the young subjects, but that they required longer to decide upon response.
24名受试者参与了两项语义记忆任务，其中12名年龄在18至30岁之间，另外12名年龄在55至65岁之间。一项任务是从指定类别中回忆以特定字母开头的一个实例，第二项任务要求受试者指出给定的词是否属于指定类别（识别任务）。年龄对回忆和识别有不同的影响，年长的受试者在识别任务中的反应较慢，但在回忆任务中并非如此。与年轻受试者相比，年长受试者的反应时间受待检索信息主导性的影响较小。这些结果表明，老年组的受试者检索信息的速度可能比年轻受试者快，但他们需要更长时间来做出反应决定。
