Bleecker M L, Bolla-Wilson K, Agnew J, Meyers D A
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.
J Clin Psychol. 1988 May;44(3):403-11. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198805)44:3<403::aid-jclp2270440315>3.0.co;2-0.
Verbal learning and memory were studied in 196 healthy men and women aged 40 to 89. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT), a 15-word list, was presented over five trials followed by free recall after each trial. A recognition trial of 50 words subsequently was administered. A stepwise regression that examined the contributions of age, sex, and vocabulary on the five trials of the RAVLT showed that age and sex accounted for a significant portion of the variance on each trial. Vocabulary accounted for a significant portion of the variance only on trials 4 and 5. The recognition trial was not affected by age, sex, or vocabulary. Men had lower scores overall as compared to women. In the older age group (ages 66-89), this difference was significant on trials two through five. Possible mechanisms that may underlie these age-related sex differences in learning curves are discussed.
对196名年龄在40至89岁之间的健康男性和女性进行了言语学习和记忆研究。使用雷伊听觉言语学习测验（RAVLT），呈现一个包含15个单词的列表，进行五次试验，每次试验后进行自由回忆。随后进行了一次包含50个单词的再认试验。一项逐步回归分析考察了年龄、性别和词汇量对RAVLT五次试验的影响，结果显示年龄和性别在每次试验中都占变异的很大一部分。词汇量仅在第4次和第5次试验中占变异的很大一部分。再认试验不受年龄、性别或词汇量的影响。总体而言，男性的得分低于女性。在老年组（66 - 89岁）中，在第2次至第5次试验中这种差异很显著。讨论了学习曲线中这些与年龄相关的性别差异可能潜在的机制。
