Schelegle E S, Green J F
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Respir Physiol. 2001 Mar;125(1-2):17-31. doi: 10.1016/s0034-5687(00)00202-4.
Since the original work of by Hering and Breuer in 1868 numerous studies have demonstrated that slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) are the lung vagal afferents responsible for eliciting the reflexes evoked by moderate lung inflation. SARs play a role in controlling breathing pattern, airway smooth muscle tone, systemic vascular resistance and heart rate. Both anatomical and physiological studies support the contention that SARs, by their close association with airway smooth muscle, continuously sense the tension within the myoelastic components of the airways caused by lung inflation, smooth muscle contraction and/or tethering of small intrapulmonary airways to the lung parenchyma. In addition, intrapulmonary SAR discharge activity is sensitive to changes in P(CO2) within the physiological range. Despite this extensive characterization of SARs, their role in determining breathing pattern and airway tone in individuals with respiratory diseases is only recently being appreciated.
自1868年赫林和布雷尔的开创性研究以来，众多研究表明，慢适应性肺牵张感受器（SARs）是肺迷走神经传入纤维，负责引发中度肺膨胀所诱发的反射。SARs在控制呼吸模式、气道平滑肌张力、全身血管阻力和心率方面发挥作用。解剖学和生理学研究均支持以下观点：SARs通过与气道平滑肌紧密相连，持续感知由肺膨胀、平滑肌收缩和/或肺内小气道与肺实质的束缚所导致的气道肌弹性成分内的张力。此外，肺内SAR放电活动对生理范围内的P(CO2)变化敏感。尽管对SARs已有广泛的特征描述，但它们在确定患有呼吸系统疾病个体的呼吸模式和气道张力方面的作用直到最近才得到认识。
