Tort Adriano B L, Laplagne Diego A, Draguhn Andreas, Gonzalez Joaquin
Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2025 Apr 9. doi: 10.1038/s41583-025-00920-7.
Neuronal activities that synchronize with the breathing rhythm have been found in humans and a host of mammalian species, not only in brain areas closely related to respiratory control or olfactory coding but also in areas linked to emotional and higher cognitive functions. In parallel, evidence is mounting for modulations of perception and action by the breathing cycle. In this Review, we discuss the extent to which brain activity locks to breathing across areas, levels of organization and brain states, and the physiological origins of this global synchrony. We describe how waves of sensory activity evoked by nasal airflow spread through brain circuits, synchronizing neuronal populations to the breathing cycle and modulating faster oscillations, cell assembly formation and cross-area communication, thereby providing a mechanistic link from breathing to neural coding, emotion and cognition. We argue that, through evolution, the breathing rhythm has come to shape network functions across species.
在人类和许多哺乳动物物种中都发现了与呼吸节律同步的神经元活动，这些活动不仅存在于与呼吸控制或嗅觉编码密切相关的脑区，还存在于与情绪和高级认知功能相关的区域。与此同时，越来越多的证据表明呼吸周期会对感知和行为产生调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了大脑活动在不同区域、组织层次和脑状态下与呼吸同步的程度，以及这种全局同步的生理起源。我们描述了鼻气流引发的感觉活动波如何通过脑回路传播，使神经元群体与呼吸周期同步，并调节更快的振荡、细胞集合的形成和跨区域通信，从而提供了一条从呼吸到神经编码、情绪和认知的机制性纽带。我们认为，通过进化，呼吸节律已逐渐塑造了跨物种的网络功能。
