Guezennec C Y
Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées, BP 73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2001 Feb;62(1 Pt 1):33-41.
The use of doping is linked with the history of sports. Doping abuse escalated until the mid sixties when government and sports authorities responded with antidoping laws and drug testing. Today, the details of substances detected in controls give a good indication on the importance of doping use. Three classes of pharmaceuticals account for most of the positive controls. They are anabolic steroids, stimulants and narcotics. Their use can be related with the goal of the athletes. Anabolic steroids are mainly used in sports such as bodybuilding or weight lifting in order to develop strength. Stimulants are used in sports were speed favors performance. All the products that enhance blood oxygen transportation are used in endurance sports, their efficacy is not scientifically demonstrated, but their use does result in real risks. Several studies have evidenced the medical problems resulting from prolonged doping. Doping control is impaired by the fact that many products now used, e.g. EPO or rhGH, are not detectable. Regular medical examination of athletes could help prevent use of doping.
使用兴奋剂与体育历史相关。兴奋剂滥用情况不断升级，直到60年代中期政府和体育当局出台反兴奋剂法律并进行药物检测。如今，检测出的物质细节很好地表明了使用兴奋剂的情况。三类药物在阳性检测中占了大部分。它们是合成代谢类固醇、兴奋剂和麻醉药品。它们的使用可能与运动员的目标有关。合成代谢类固醇主要用于健美或举重等运动以增强力量。兴奋剂用于速度有利于成绩的运动。所有增强血液氧气运输的产品都用于耐力运动，其功效未经科学证实，但使用它们确实会带来实际风险。多项研究证明了长期使用兴奋剂导致的医学问题。由于现在使用的许多产品，如促红细胞生成素或重组人生长激素，无法检测，兴奋剂检测受到了阻碍。对运动员进行定期体检有助于防止使用兴奋剂。
