Tindall G T, Iwata K, McGraw C P, Vanderveer R W
South Med J. 1975 Apr;68(4):407-12. doi: 10.1097/00007611-197504000-00007.
Alteration in heart rate and respiratory rate and depth occurred in association with intracranial pressure (ICP) waves in 27 patients with head injuries. Usually the ICP wave was preceded by a transient increase in end-alveolar CO2 levels. Thereafter, the ICP gradually increased and was accompanied by simultaneous decreases in heart rate and respiratory rate and depth. Immediately before the termination of the ICP wave, there was an abrupt increase in heart rate and respiratory rate and depth. After the ICP fell to base line level, heart rate and respiratory returned to control values. It is suggested that the transient alterations in the CO2 level at the beginning and during the ICP wave probably initiate these abnormal waves. While the heart rate changes are striking, their role in the formation and termination of ICP pressure waves is uncertain.
27例头部受伤患者的心率、呼吸频率和深度的改变与颅内压（ICP）波相关。通常，ICP波之前会出现终末肺泡二氧化碳水平的短暂升高。此后，ICP逐渐升高，并伴有心率、呼吸频率和深度同时下降。在ICP波终止前，心率、呼吸频率和深度会突然增加。ICP降至基线水平后，心率和呼吸恢复至对照值。提示在ICP波开始时和期间二氧化碳水平的短暂改变可能引发了这些异常波。虽然心率变化显著，但其在ICP压力波形成和终止中的作用尚不确定。
