Wyatt C J, Tejas M A, Méndez R O, Valencia M E
Department of Human Nutrition, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2001;45(1):19-23. doi: 10.1159/000046701.
Legumes and cereals are principal sources of energy and protein in developing countries. In Oaxaca, Mexico, corn is the primary agricultural crop, therefore corn tortillas and beans are the main energy and protein sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein quality in rats of typical diets for 4- to 6-year-old children from different socioeconomic areas in Oaxaca, Mexico. Composite diets representing the typical diets were formulated and fed to male weanling rats for 10 days. A control diet using casein as the reference diet and one free of nitrogen were included in the study. The apparent protein digestibility was determined in rats using the chromic oxide marker technique and the data was statistically analyzed for differences between control and experimental diets. Rats fed the diet of low income children gained about 2 g/day compared to about 3.8 g/day for the rats fed the control (casein) diet and had the lowest weight gain/g of protein intake. The NPR was 3.52 compared to 4.31 for the control diet. This diet is 67% vegetable protein and 33% animal protein. The diet for the medium income group contained a higher percentage of animal protein, 76% and thus higher digestibility, 78%. The results of this study indicate that the protein quality of children's diets in Oaxaca, Mexico, need to be improved.
豆类和谷物是发展中国家能量和蛋白质的主要来源。在墨西哥瓦哈卡州，玉米是主要农作物，因此玉米饼和豆类是主要的能量和蛋白质来源。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥瓦哈卡州不同社会经济地区4至6岁儿童典型饮食对大鼠蛋白质质量的影响。配制了代表典型饮食的复合饮食，并喂食雄性断奶大鼠10天。研究中包括以酪蛋白为参考饮食的对照饮食和一种无氮饮食。使用氧化铬标记技术测定大鼠的表观蛋白质消化率，并对对照饮食和实验饮食之间的差异进行统计学分析。喂食低收入儿童饮食的大鼠每天增重约2克，而喂食对照（酪蛋白）饮食的大鼠每天增重约3.8克，且每克蛋白质摄入量的体重增加最低。对照饮食的净蛋白质利用率为4.31，而该饮食为3.52。这种饮食中植物蛋白占67%，动物蛋白占33%。中等收入组的饮食中动物蛋白比例较高，为76%，因此消化率也较高，为78%。本研究结果表明，墨西哥瓦哈卡州儿童饮食的蛋白质质量需要改善。
