Davis M, Whalen P J
Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Mol Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;6(1):13-34. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000812.
Here we provide a review of the animal and human literature concerning the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, considering its potential influence over autonomic and hormonal changes, motor behavior and attentional processes. A stimulus that predicts an aversive outcome will change neural transmission in the amygdala to produce the somatic, autonomic and endocrine signs of fear, as well as increased attention to that stimulus. It is now clear that the amygdala is also involved in learning about positively valenced stimuli as well as spatial and motor learning and this review strives to integrate this additional information. A review of available studies examining the human amygdala covers both lesion and electrical stimulation studies as well as the most recent functional neuroimaging studies. Where appropriate, we attempt to integrate basic information on normal amygdala function with our current understanding of psychiatric disorders, including pathological anxiety.
在此，我们综述了关于杏仁核在恐惧条件反射中作用的动物和人类文献，同时考虑其对自主神经和激素变化、运动行为及注意力过程的潜在影响。一个预示着厌恶结果的刺激会改变杏仁核中的神经传递，从而产生恐惧的躯体、自主神经和内分泌体征，以及对该刺激的注意力增加。现在很清楚，杏仁核也参与对正性刺激的学习以及空间和运动学习，本综述力求整合这些额外信息。对现有研究人类杏仁核的回顾涵盖了损伤和电刺激研究以及最新的功能神经影像学研究。在适当的情况下，我们试图将关于杏仁核正常功能的基本信息与我们目前对精神疾病（包括病理性焦虑）的理解相结合。
