Degani S
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai Zion Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2001 Mar;56(3):159-67. doi: 10.1097/00006254-200103000-00023.
Sonographic measurements of fetal ultrasound parameters are the basis for accurate determination of gestational age and detection of fetal growth abnormalities. Selection of the most useful single biometric parameter depends on the timing and purpose of measurement and is influenced by specific limitations. CRL (crown-rump length) is the best parameter for early dating of pregnancy. Biparietal diameter (BPD) maintains the closest correlation with gestational age in the second trimester. In cases of variation in the shape of the skull, head circumference is an effective alternative. Abdominal circumference is the most useful dimension to evaluate fetal growth, and femur length is the best parameter in the evaluation of skeletal dysplasia. Use of multiple predictors improves the accuracy of estimates. An individual approach to each pregnancy is recommended for fetal growth assessment. The various epidemiological factors involved in fetal growth should be considered and specific charts for different communities should be used when possible. The methods of fetal weight estimation with their limitations and potential errors are presented. Clinical application of fetal biometry in abnormal growth is discussed in cases of small- and large-for-gestational-age fetuses, chromosomal aberrations, and skeletal dysplasias.
超声测量胎儿超声参数是准确确定孕周和检测胎儿生长异常的基础。选择最有用的单一生物测量参数取决于测量的时间和目的，并受特定限制的影响。头臀长（CRL）是孕早期最适合的参数。孕中期双顶径（BPD）与孕周的相关性最强。在颅骨形状变异的情况下，头围是一个有效的替代参数。腹围是评估胎儿生长最有用的指标，股骨长度是评估骨骼发育不良的最佳参数。使用多个预测指标可提高估计的准确性。建议针对每次妊娠采用个体化方法进行胎儿生长评估。应考虑胎儿生长所涉及的各种流行病学因素，并尽可能使用针对不同群体的特定图表。介绍了胎儿体重估计方法及其局限性和潜在误差。在小于胎龄儿、大于胎龄儿、染色体畸变和骨骼发育不良的病例中，讨论了胎儿生物测量在异常生长中的临床应用。
