Rhim G S, McMorris M S
University of Michigan Medical Center, Division of Allergy, Ann Arbor, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001 Feb;86(2):172-6. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62687-7.
Food allergy reactions and anaphylaxis may occur in children while at school. However, information regarding school readiness for children with food allergies is unknown.
To identify school education and prevention and treatment policies for food-allergic children in Michigan.
A questionnaire assessing food allergy awareness and avoidance and treatment strategies was mailed to a randomized sample (n = 273) of 2,082 public elementary school principals.
One hundred four responses representing 109 schools were collected. From school estimates of 66,598 children, there was a 1.7% self-reported prevalence of food allergy. The most common allergens were milk and peanut, followed by tree nuts, shellfish, egg, and wheat. Affected children were identified primarily through office records, with few reporting individual emergency plans or designated classrooms, teachers, or lunch tables. Methods of food allergy education included parents of students and in-services. Avoidance strategies, food substitution, and "no-sharing" policies were common, whereas other measures such as food-label-teaching were uncommon. A minority of schools had epinephrine immediately accessible, either in the student's classroom, carried by the student, or passed by teachers. Principals, nurses, and teachers were most often trained to administer epinephrine.
There appears to be a need for schools to formally educate staff on food allergy, provide information on prevention measures such as reading of food labels, establish immediate accessibility to emergency epinephrine, and train staff for appropriate epinephrine use.
儿童在学校期间可能会发生食物过敏反应和过敏反应。然而，关于食物过敏儿童入学准备情况的信息尚不清楚。
确定密歇根州针对食物过敏儿童的学校教育、预防和治疗政策。
向2082名公立小学的校长随机抽取的样本（n = 273）邮寄了一份评估食物过敏意识、避免措施和治疗策略的问卷。
共收集到104份代表109所学校的回复。根据学校对66598名儿童的估计，自我报告的食物过敏患病率为1.7%。最常见的过敏原是牛奶和花生，其次是坚果、贝类、鸡蛋和小麦。受影响的儿童主要通过办公室记录来识别，很少有学校报告有个人应急计划或指定的教室、教师或午餐桌。食物过敏教育的方法包括学生家长和在职培训。避免策略、食物替代和“不分享”政策很常见，而其他措施如食物标签教学则不常见。少数学校在学生教室、由学生携带或由教师传递的情况下能立即获取肾上腺素。校长、护士和教师接受肾上腺素注射培训的情况最为常见。
学校似乎有必要对工作人员进行食物过敏方面的正规教育，提供如阅读食物标签等预防措施的信息，确保能立即获取急救肾上腺素，并培训工作人员正确使用肾上腺素。
