Costa E F, Miller B R, Pesti G M, Bakalli R I, Ewing H P
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7509, USA.
Poult Sci. 2001 Mar;80(3):306-13. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.3.306.
Four experiments were conducted to compare the performance of broilers fed soybean meal (SBM) versus peanut meal (PNM) as protein sources. Ross x Ross 208 broiler chickens were placed in battery brooders (Experiments 1 to 3, four replicates of 8 chicks per treatment) and floor pens (Experiment 4, four replicates of 34 chicks per treatment). In Experiment 1, addition of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% Thr to a corn-PNM-based diet increased 0 to 18 d BW gain (BWG; 0.374c vs. 0.495b vs. 0.508b vs. 0.508b kg, respectively) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR; 2.09c vs. 1.63b vs. vs. 1.54b vs. 1.54b g/g, respectively) compared to the corn-SBM-based control diet (BWG = 0.593a and FCR = 1.36a). In Experiment 2, diets were formulated with the same amino acid minimums, and as the percentage of PNM increased in the diets (0, 10, 20, and 32%), BWG decreased (0.560a vs. 0.532a vs. 0.521a vs. 0.458b kg, respectively) and FCR increased (1.72b vs. 1.71b vs. 1.79bc vs. 1.86c g/g, respectively). In Experiment 3, addition of Thr to a corn-PNM-based diet increased BWG (-Thr = 0.284c vs. +Thr = 0.397b kg) and decreased FCR (-Thr = 1.60b vs. +Thr = 1.54b g/g). The BWG and FCR were best for the corn-SBM-based control diet (0.499a kg and 1.38a g/g, respectively). In Experiment 4, during the growing period (18 to 42 d), significant interactions occurred between protein source (PNM vs. SBM) and protein level (16 and 20% vs. 24%) for BW and FCR but not for carcass, breast, or leg quarter yield or fat pad weights (P < 0.05) at 42 d of age. Technical (not economic) performance of birds fed PNM was similar to SBM at the highest protein levels fed. PNM could be used as a protein source for broilers under appropriate economic conditions.
进行了四项试验，比较以豆粕（SBM）和花生粕（PNM）作为蛋白质来源时肉鸡的生产性能。罗斯×罗斯208肉鸡饲养于层叠式育雏笼（试验1至3，每个处理8只雏鸡，重复4次）和地面平养栏（试验4，每个处理34只雏鸡，重复4次）。在试验1中，在以玉米 - PNM为基础的日粮中添加0、0.1、0.2和0.3%的苏氨酸，与以玉米 - SBM为基础的对照日粮相比（BW增重 = 0.593a，饲料转化率 = 1.36a），1至18日龄的体重增加量（BWG）分别提高（分别为0.374c、0.495b、0.508b、0.508b千克），饲料转化率（FCR）降低（分别为2.09c、1.63b、1.54b、1.54b克/克）。在试验2中，日粮按相同的氨基酸最低水平配制，随着日粮中PNM比例增加（0、10、20和32%），BWG降低（分别为0.560a、0.532a、0.521a、0.458b千克），FCR升高（分别为1.72b、1.71b、1.79bc、1.86c克/克）。在试验3中，在以玉米 - PNM为基础的日粮中添加苏氨酸提高了BWG（-苏氨酸 = 0.284c，+苏氨酸 = 0.397b千克）并降低了FCR（-苏氨酸 = 1.60b，+苏氨酸 = 1.54b克/克）。以玉米 - SBM为基础的对照日粮的BWG和FCR最佳（分别为0.499a千克和1.38a克/克）。在试验4中，在生长阶段（18至42日龄），蛋白质来源（PNM与SBM）和蛋白质水平（16%和20%与24%）之间在体重和饲料转化率方面存在显著交互作用，但在42日龄时胴体、胸肉或腿肉产量以及脂肪垫重量方面不存在交互作用（P < 0.05）。在最高蛋白质水平下，饲喂PNM的肉鸡的技术（而非经济）性能与饲喂SBM的肉鸡相似。在适当的经济条件下，PNM可作为肉鸡的蛋白质来源。
