Lloyd R D, Mays C W, Taysum D H
Radiat Environ Biophys. 1979 Apr 30;16(2):157-75. doi: 10.1007/BF01323223.
A human total-body counter was designed and built with two 20 X 10 cm NaI (Tl) crystals suspended over an "isoresponse surface" upon which the subject reclines. This surface is curved from head to knee and from left to right, so that a gamma-ray emitting object is detected with equal efficiency when placed anywhere upon it. The positioner and detectors are housed in a low background enclosure constructed of steel 31 cm thick with a graded inner lining of lead + cadmium + copper. Calibration of the system was accomplished by administering trace amounts of various radionuclides to 48 human subjects of various sizes, ranging in age from 4--80 years. Counting rates per retained muCi at 0.53, 0.66, 1.53, and 2.75 MeV (83Rb, 137Cs, 42K, and 24Na) were determined as a function of body size and were compared with counting rates per muCi of corresponding emitters centered in a polyethylene cylinder of radius 10.3 cm. Limits of detection, corresponding to three times the standard deviation of a 50 min background, were 170 nCi 90Sr (via Bremsstrahlung X-rays), 0.78 nCi 131I, 0.48 nCi 83Rb, 0.52 nCi 137 Cs, 4.9 nCi 40K (or 5.8 g of natural potassium) and 1.7 nCi 222Rn.
设计并制造了一台人体全身计数器，它有两块20×10厘米的碘化钠（铊）晶体，悬挂在一个“等响应面”上方，受试者躺在这个面上。这个面从头部到膝盖以及从左到右都是弯曲的，这样当一个发射伽马射线的物体放在它上面的任何位置时，都能以相同的效率被检测到。定位器和探测器安装在一个低本底的屏蔽室内，屏蔽室由31厘米厚的钢制成，内部有一层铅 + 镉 + 铜的梯度内衬。通过给48名年龄在4至80岁、体型各异的人体受试者施用微量的各种放射性核素，完成了该系统的校准。测定了在0.53、0.66、1.53和2.75兆电子伏（83铷、137铯、42钾和24钠）下每保留微居里的计数率与体型的函数关系，并与半径为10.3厘米的聚乙烯圆柱体中心的相应发射体每微居里的计数率进行了比较。对应于50分钟本底标准偏差三倍的探测限分别为：170纳居里90锶（通过轫致辐射X射线）、0.78纳居里131碘、0.48纳居里83铷、0.52纳居里137铯、4.9纳居里40钾（或5.8克天然钾）和1.7纳居里222氡。
