Undén A L, Elofsson S
Research Centre in General Medicine, Borgmästarvillan, Karolinska Hospital Stockholm, Sweden.
Fam Pract. 2001 Apr;18(2):174-80. doi: 10.1093/fampra/18.2.174.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of self-rated health to a measure of physical status, based on a professional rating of the individual's health from a strictly physical point of view.
A random selection of 407 people over the age of 20 from the north-western catchment area of greater Stockholm were invited in 1995 to a physical examination, including a self-report questionnaire with questions about self-rated health, lifestyle, psychosocial factors and quality of life. A measure of physical health on a 5-point graded scale was constructed using the information from the records of the physical examination as a base.
Self-rated health and the professional ratings of health coincided in approximately 60% of the cases. There were a relatively large number of cases where the ratings were contradictory. The correlation between the scales was 0.45. Comparison between the two ratings with respect to association with potential determinants showed that physical factors naturally explained most of the variances in physical health, whereas social and mental well-being and somatic conditions (women) were the most important explanatory variables for self-rated health. Irrespective of whether they had "favourable" or "unfavourable" health, those with "poor" self-rated health also had perceived lower social and mental well-being, less appreciation, more somatic conditions (women) and worse coping abilities (men).
With mental, psychosocial and social problems becoming more pronounced in sickness patterns for primary care patients, self-rated health could be a helpful device, especially when time resources for consultations are short. This measure could also give a more global view of the patient's situation when effectivity and rationality can be a threat to a holistic view of the patient.
本研究旨在基于从严格的身体角度对个体健康进行的专业评估，来评价自我健康评价与身体状况测量之间的关系。
1995年，从大斯德哥尔摩西北集水区随机选取407名20岁以上的人，邀请他们参加体检，包括一份自我报告问卷，其中有关于自我健康评价、生活方式、心理社会因素和生活质量的问题。以体检记录中的信息为基础，构建了一个5级评分的身体健康测量指标。
自我健康评价与专业健康评价在大约60%的病例中一致。存在相对较多评分相互矛盾的病例。两个量表之间的相关性为0.45。对两种评价与潜在决定因素之间的关联进行比较表明，身体因素自然解释了身体健康方面的大部分差异，而社会和心理健康以及躯体状况（女性）是自我健康评价最重要的解释变量。无论其健康状况是“良好”还是“不佳”，自我健康评价为“差”的人也感觉社会和心理健康水平较低、认可度较低、躯体状况较多（女性）以及应对能力较差（男性）。
随着初级保健患者疾病模式中精神、心理社会和社会问题变得更加突出，自我健康评价可能是一种有用的工具，尤其是在咨询时间资源短缺时。当有效性和合理性可能对患者的整体观构成威胁时，这种测量方法还可以更全面地了解患者的情况。
