Vartia M A
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Psychology, Helsinki.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2001 Feb;27(1):63-9. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.588.
This study investigated the effects of workplace bullying and the psychological work environment on the well-being and subjective stress of the targets and observers of bullying.
In a questionnaire study, stress and psychological ill-health were measured, and the causes of reported stress were analyzed for municipal employees (N=949, 85% women, 15% men, mean age 41 years for the men and 40 years for the women).
Both the targets of bullying and the observers reported more general stress and mental stress reactions than did respondents from the workplaces with no bullying. The targets also expressed feelings of low self-confidence more often than did those who had not been subjected to bullying. Being bullied, but also features of one's work, especially haste, excessively difficult tasks and poor goal clarity, predicted the stress reactions reported. Of the single forms of bullying, judging a person's work unjustly or in an offending manner, restricting a person's possibilities to express his or her opinions, and assaulting one's private life were the most clearly connected with all the stress reactions measured. Victim history was associated with feelings of low self-confidence. The targets of bullying used sleep-inducing drugs and sedatives more often than did the respondents who were not bullied.
The study shows that not only the targets of bullying, but also bystanders, suffer when someone is bullied in the workplace. Bullying must therefore be regarded as a problem for the entire work unit and not merely as a problem of the target.
本研究调查了职场霸凌及心理工作环境对霸凌目标者和旁观者的幸福感及主观压力的影响。
在一项问卷调查研究中，对压力和心理不健康状况进行了测量，并分析了市政雇员（N = 949，女性占85%，男性占15%，男性平均年龄41岁，女性平均年龄40岁）报告的压力来源。
与没有霸凌行为的工作场所的受访者相比，霸凌的目标者和旁观者都报告了更多的一般压力和精神压力反应。目标者也比未遭受霸凌的人更频繁地表达自信心不足的感受。遭受霸凌以及工作的一些特点，尤其是工作匆忙、任务难度过大和目标清晰度差，预示着所报告的压力反应。在各种单一形式的霸凌中，不公正地或冒犯性地评判一个人的工作、限制一个人表达意见的可能性以及侵犯其私人生活与所测量的所有压力反应的关联最为明显。受害者经历与自信心不足的感受有关。霸凌的目标者比未遭受霸凌的受访者更频繁地使用助眠药物和镇静剂。
该研究表明，在职场中有人遭受霸凌时，不仅目标者会受苦，旁观者也会受到影响。因此，霸凌必须被视为整个工作单位的问题，而不仅仅是目标者的问题。
