酒精依赖药物治疗的新进展。

New developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence.

作者信息

Myrick H, Brady K T, Malcolm R

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, P.O. Box 250861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

出版信息

Am J Addict. 2001;10(s1):s3-s15. doi: 10.1080/10550490150504092.

DOI:10.1080/10550490150504092

PMID:11268820

Abstract

Neuroscientific underpinnings and pharmacotherapeutic treatments of substance use disorders are rapidly developing areas of study. In particular, there have been exciting new developments in our understanding of the involvement of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems and the opiate and serotonin systems in the pathophysiology of alcohol withdrawal, alcohol dependence, and in subtypes of individuals with alcoholism. In this article, new developments in the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence will be reviewed. In particular, the use of anticonvulsants in alcohol withdrawal and protracted abstinence syndromes will be discussed. New data on opiate antagonists and acamprosate, an agent that exerts actions through excitatory amino acid systems in relapse prevention, will be reviewed. Finally, there will be a review of new data concerning the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in subtypes of alcoholism and the use of combination pharmacotherapy.

摘要

物质使用障碍的神经科学基础及药物治疗是快速发展的研究领域。特别是，在我们对兴奋性氨基酸神经递质系统、阿片和血清素系统在酒精戒断、酒精依赖及酒精中毒个体亚型的病理生理学中的作用的理解方面，有了令人兴奋的新进展。在本文中，将对酒精依赖药物治疗的新进展进行综述。特别是，将讨论抗惊厥药在酒精戒断和迁延性戒断综合征中的应用。将综述关于阿片拮抗剂和阿坎酸（一种通过兴奋性氨基酸系统发挥预防复发作用的药物）的新数据。最后，将对关于血清素再摄取抑制剂在酒精中毒亚型中的应用及联合药物治疗应用的新数据进行综述。