Wichstrøm L, Pedersen W
Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim.
J Stud Alcohol. 2001 Jan;62(1):5-13. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2001.62.5.
To investigate the prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use among Norwegian adolescents and to contrast three perspectives on AAS use: performance enhancement in sports competition, body image and eating concerns, and AAS-use as belonging to a cluster of problem behaviors.
A nationally representative sample of 8,877 (53.8% female) Norwegian youths (15-22 years of age) were surveyed (response rate 78%). Sports participation included measures of participation in strength sports, participation in competitive sports, strength training and perceived athletic competence. Body image and eating concerns included measures of disordered eating, perceived physical appearance and satisfaction with body parts. Problem behavior was measured by three dimensions of conduct problems (overt destruction, overt nondestruction and covert destruction), illicit drug use and sexual involvement.
Information about AAS was obtained from 8,508 subjects. Lifetime AAS use was 0.8% (1.2% male and 0.6% female), 12-month prevalence was 0.3% and 5.1% had been offered AAS. AAS use did not vary according to sports involvement and demographics. Logistic regression analyses showed that AAS use was associated with such problem behavior as marijuana (cannabis) involvement and overt nondestruction (e.g., aggressive-type conduct problems) and, to some extent, with involvement in power sports and disordered eating. AAS users differed little from those who had been offered but refrained from using AAS, except that they were more likely to be current marijuana users.
Adolescent AAS use seems primarily to be another type of problem behavior and only secondarily is it associated with strength-sport participation and disordered eating.
调查挪威青少年使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的情况，并对比关于AAS使用的三种观点：体育比赛中的成绩提升、身体形象和饮食问题，以及AAS使用属于一系列问题行为。
对8877名（53.8%为女性）15至22岁的挪威青年进行了全国代表性抽样调查（回复率78%）。体育参与情况包括参与力量型运动、参与竞技运动、力量训练以及自我感知的运动能力。身体形象和饮食问题包括饮食失调、自我感知的外貌以及对身体部位的满意度等指标。问题行为通过行为问题的三个维度（公开破坏、公开非破坏和隐蔽破坏）、非法药物使用和性活动来衡量。
从8508名受试者中获取了有关AAS的信息。终生使用AAS的比例为0.8%（男性为1.2%，女性为0.6%），过去12个月的患病率为0.3%，5.1%的人曾被提供过AAS。AAS的使用情况在体育参与程度和人口统计学特征方面并无差异。逻辑回归分析表明，AAS的使用与诸如吸食大麻以及公开非破坏行为（例如攻击型行为问题）等问题行为相关，并且在一定程度上与参与力量型运动和饮食失调有关。AAS使用者与那些曾被提供AAS但未使用的人几乎没有差别，只是他们更有可能是当前的大麻使用者。
青少年使用AAS似乎主要是另一种问题行为，其次才与力量型运动参与和饮食失调相关。
