Diehl Katharina, Thiel Ansgar, Zipfel Stephan, Mayer Jochen, Litaker David G, Schneider Sven
Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim, Germany.
J Sports Sci Med. 2012 Jun 1;11(2):201-20.
Participation in sports during adolescence is considered a healthy behavior. The extent to which adolescent athletes engage in other healthful (or risky) behaviors is less clear, however. We conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA Statement to assess the frequency of risky behaviors among athletes in this age group. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and SCA Sociological Abstracts databases for observational studies published in English over the last twenty years on the frequency of selected risk behaviors (alcohol consumption, smoking behavior, use of illicit drugs, unhealthy nutrition, and doping) in adolescent athletes. Two independent reviewers selected articles following the PRISMA Statement. Behavior frequency was assessed as was comparability of study design and methods. When possible, meta- analyses were performed using data from subgroups of studies in which operational indicators were comparable. Seventy-eight articles met eligibility criteria. Although report of risky behaviors varied across studies, we observed overall, that studies tend to report higher alcohol use, less smoking, less recreational drug use, and more smokeless tobacco use in (high-involved) athletes. Considerable heterogeneity was noted in study design, definition of target groups and use of operational indicators (I(2) ranged from 93.2% to 100%). Especially the higher prevalence of using alcohol and smokeless tobacco needs more attention in interventions targeted to this group. Overall, greater consensus on methods used to assess risky behaviors in adolescent athletes. Key pointsThis is the first systematic review focusing on different health related risk behaviors of adolescent athletes aged ≤ 18 years from different countries.Health related risk behaviors such as alcohol consumption are common among recreational and elite adolescent athletes.Athletes were more likely to consume alcohol, smokeless tobacco, and steroids and less likely to smoke and to use marihuana than non-athletes.Studies show high heterogeneity in the operational indicators, statistical methods, and target groups. Therefore, greater consensus around key definitions and study methods is needed to advance knowledge.
青春期参与体育运动被视为一种健康行为。然而，青少年运动员在多大程度上参与其他健康（或有风险）行为尚不清楚。我们按照PRISMA声明进行了一项系统的文献综述，以评估该年龄组运动员中危险行为的发生频率。我们在PubMed、PsycINFO和SCA社会学文摘数据库中搜索了过去二十年以英文发表的关于青少年运动员特定风险行为（饮酒、吸烟行为、非法药物使用、不健康营养和使用兴奋剂）发生频率的观察性研究。两名独立评审员按照PRISMA声明筛选文章。对行为频率以及研究设计和方法的可比性进行了评估。在可能的情况下，使用操作指标可比的研究亚组数据进行荟萃分析。78篇文章符合纳入标准。尽管不同研究中危险行为的报告有所不同，但总体而言，我们观察到研究倾向于报告（高度参与的）运动员饮酒更多、吸烟较少、使用消遣性药物较少以及使用无烟烟草较多。在研究设计、目标群体定义和操作指标使用方面存在相当大的异质性（I²范围从93.2%到100%）。特别是饮酒和使用无烟烟草的较高患病率在针对该群体的干预中需要更多关注。总体而言，在评估青少年运动员危险行为的方法上需要达成更大共识。要点这是第一项聚焦于来自不同国家的18岁及以下青少年运动员不同健康相关风险行为的系统综述。饮酒等健康相关风险行为在青少年休闲和精英运动员中很常见。与非运动员相比，运动员更有可能饮酒、使用无烟烟草和类固醇，而吸烟和使用大麻的可能性较小。研究表明在操作指标、统计方法和目标群体方面存在高度异质性。因此，需要围绕关键定义和研究方法达成更大共识以推动知识进步。
