Cheung M E, Broman S H
Department of Repair and Plasticity, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9525, USA.
Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2000;14(3):159-69. doi: 10.1177/154596830001400301.
Advances in basic and clinical neuroscience are uniting to form new optimism for treatment and rehabilitation of persons with a variety of neurologic disorders. Both cognitive and motor systems have shown remarkable degrees of plasticity in response to incoming stimuli. Understanding the brain (and spinal cord) capacity for change will lead to new topics for research as well as new approaches to rehabilitation. Adaptive learning has been shown to be a fundamental part of the developmental process and has been used in remediation of a variety of language difficulties. Using such principles to approach motor functions also is showing promise. Expanding these observations to encompass other areas of disease and rehabilitation is an area for further research. Interdisciplinary approaches including the fields of computer technology, imaging, and genetic analysis will provide new tools. Contribution of new concepts within adaptive learning must address such topics as the relation between motor and sensory responses, measures that accurately indicate cognitive health, the brain and spinal cord areas involved in particular learning tasks, the optimal time windows for intervention, and the importance of behavior and motivation in treatment and rehabilitation.
基础神经科学和临床神经科学的进展正结合在一起，为各种神经系统疾病患者的治疗和康复带来新的希望。认知系统和运动系统在对传入刺激的反应中都表现出了显著程度的可塑性。了解大脑（和脊髓）的变化能力将带来新的研究课题以及新的康复方法。适应性学习已被证明是发育过程的一个基本组成部分，并已被用于矫治各种语言障碍。将这些原理应用于运动功能也显示出了前景。将这些观察结果扩展到其他疾病和康复领域是一个有待进一步研究的领域。包括计算机技术、成像和基因分析等领域在内的跨学科方法将提供新的工具。适应性学习中新概念的贡献必须解决诸如运动和感觉反应之间的关系、准确指示认知健康的指标、特定学习任务中涉及的大脑和脊髓区域、干预的最佳时间窗口以及行为和动机在治疗和康复中的重要性等问题。
