Neumann R
Lehrstuhl Psychologie II, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 10, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Psychol Sci. 2000 May;11(3):179-82. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00238.
According to attributional theories of emotion, feelings of guilt presuppose that the causes of a negative event are located within the individual (internal attribution), whereas feelings of anger presuppose that the causes of the eliciting event are located outside the individual (external attribution). This study tested whether these attributions in fact exert the claimed causal influence on emotional experiences. The study employed a procedural priming technique in which neutral events were repeatedly attributed either to oneself (internal attribution) or to another person (external attribution). Subsequently, participants were exposed to a negative event that was ambiguous as to its causes. The results reveal that the prior repeated use of internal attributions enhanced the tendency to experience guilt, whereas the repeated use of external attributions enhanced the tendency to experience anger. These findings support the assumption that attributions exert a causal influence on emotions.
根据情绪归因理论，内疚感预先假定负面事件的原因在于个体内部（内部归因），而愤怒感预先假定引发事件的原因在于个体外部（外部归因）。本研究测试了这些归因是否实际上对情绪体验产生了所声称的因果影响。该研究采用了一种程序启动技术，其中中性事件被反复归因于自己（内部归因）或另一个人（外部归因）。随后，让参与者接触一个其原因不明确的负面事件。结果表明，先前对内部归因的反复使用增强了体验内疚的倾向，而对外部归因的反复使用增强了体验愤怒的倾向。这些发现支持了归因对情绪产生因果影响的假设。
