Smith C A, Haynes K N, Lazarus R S, Pope L K
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Nov;65(5):916-29. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.65.5.916.
Two studies examined the hypothesized status of appraisals, relative to attributions, as proximal antecedents of emotion. In Study 1, which looked at 6 emotions (happiness, hope-challenge, anger, guilt, fear-anxiety, and sadness), undergraduates (N = 136) reported on their attributions, appraisals, and emotions during past encounters associated with a variety of situations. In Study 2, which was focused on anger and guilt, undergraduates (N = 120) reported on these same variables in response to experimenter-supplied vignettes that systematically manipulated theoretically relevant attributions. The results of both studies indicated that the emotions were more directly related to appraisals than they were to attributions, and Study 2 provided evidence that appraisal serves as a mediator between attribution and emotional response. These findings lend support to the hypothesized status of appraisal as the most proximal cognitive antecedent of emotion.
两项研究检验了评估相对于归因作为情绪近端前因的假设地位。在研究1中，研究了6种情绪（快乐、希望-挑战、愤怒、内疚、恐惧-焦虑和悲伤），本科生（N = 136）报告了他们在过去与各种情境相关的遭遇中的归因、评估和情绪。在研究2中，重点关注愤怒和内疚，本科生（N = 120）针对实验者提供的、系统操纵理论上相关归因的短文报告了这些相同的变量。两项研究的结果均表明，情绪与评估的直接关系比与归因的直接关系更强，并且研究2提供了证据表明评估在归因和情绪反应之间起中介作用。这些发现支持了评估作为情绪最直接的认知前因的假设地位。
