Suzuki S, Peterson M A
Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, 2029 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2000 May;11(3):202-9. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00242.
When viewing ambiguous displays, observers can, via intentional efforts, affect which perceptual interpretation they perceive. Specifically, observers can increase the probability of seeing the desired percept. Little is known, however, about how intentional efforts interact with sensory inputs in exerting their effects on perception. In two experiments, the current study explored the possibility that intentional efforts might operate by multiplicatively enhancing the stimulus-based activation of the desired perceptual representation. Such a possibility is suggested by recent neurophysiological research on attention. In support of this idea, when we presented bistable apparent motion displays under stimulus conditions differentially favoring one motion percept over the other, observers' intentional efforts to see a particular motion were generally more effective under conditions in which stimulus factors favored the intended motion percept.
在观察模糊的图像时，观察者可以通过有意识的努力来影响他们所感知到的知觉解释。具体而言，观察者可以提高看到期望知觉的概率。然而，关于有意识的努力在对感知施加影响时如何与感觉输入相互作用，我们知之甚少。在两项实验中，本研究探讨了有意识的努力可能通过乘法增强基于刺激的期望知觉表征的激活来发挥作用的可能性。最近关于注意力的神经生理学研究提出了这样一种可能性。支持这一观点的是，当我们在刺激条件下呈现双稳态表观运动图像，这些条件对一种运动知觉的偏好程度高于另一种时，观察者有意识地去看到特定运动的努力，在刺激因素有利于预期运动知觉的条件下通常更有效。
